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Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Genetics
Develop and use a model to show that sexually reproducing organisms have two of each chromosome in their cell nuclei, and hence two variants (alleles) of each gene that can be the same or different from each other, with one random assortment of each chromosome passed down to offspring from both parents.
Dominant
The dominant allele is the Capital letter. When this is in your code you inherit the Dominant trait, even if you have a recessive, the dominant trait still shines though.
Aa and AA would both show the same phenotype, even though they are different phenotypes
Recessive
Recessive is the opposite of the dominant. They do not show unless they are all alone. They are represented by a lowercase letter.
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Alleles
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Take this scenario: Mom's DNA is Aa, Dad's DNA is AA. The children of these two could look like AA or Aa. Let's say both parents were Aa. Then there are the options of Aa, AA, aa.
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Genotype
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In this example, the mom's genotype for hair was Bb, and the dad's genotype was bb. In this scenario, the mom passed on the dominant allele. The dad passed a recessive b, resulting with the child having brown hair.
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We conducted an experiment where we drew four bots, then made 'babyBots' with a twist - mutations. We did the same thing with the 'grandbabyBots'.
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Communicate information about artificial selection / the ways humans have changed the inheritance of desired traits in organisms.
In Bella's presentation, she took the malaria-resistant gene from mosquitoes and genetically engineered a mutation that allows humans to generate that same mutation, and not die from malaria.
In my ScreenCastify example, I made a virus called the Blue Death and you (it was in second person) had to genetically engineer a mutation that sends off proteins that activate your immune system to fight the virus.
With CRISPR genetic engineering, we can create corn plants that don't suffer from droughts.
(From Edpuzzle video)
In the ScienceWorld article, "Fancy Fish", the Food and Drug administration teams up with AquAdvantage to genetically engineer a mutation that makes salmon grow twice it's normal size.
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Communicate through writing and in diagrams that chromosomes contain many distinct genes and that each gene holds the instructions for the production of specific proteins, which in turn affects the traits of an individual.
Genes
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The chromosomes come before the genome, but they are all part of the same system
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Encyclopedia Analogy
There is so much information in your genes, that it is easy to think of it as an encyclopedia set. All of the pieces of information is split up into different sections, making it easier for the body to use. If the body needs a certain piece, it can go to the section and not have to go through everything. The articles are made up of sentences, and our DNA , which are the code for your taits.
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Mutations are like when a page or a sentence that changes. The page might get swapped, or a sentence gets rearranged. The encyclopedia is now harder to understand.
Develop and use a model to describe that structural changes to genes (mutations) may or may not result in changes to proteins, and if there are changes to proteins there may be harmful, beneficial, or neutral changes to traits.
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Traits
Your traits are characteristics such as how you eye colour, your personality, hair colour, height, and whether or not your ears are attached or not.
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Examples
Neutral
Irregular Coloured Fur
This is simply patches of differently-coloured fur. This does not harm the organism in any way, making it a neutral mutation.
Synesthesia
This mutation can come in many forms. For some people, words and sounds associate with colours. For others, sounds have different tastes. In A Mango-Shaped-Space by Wendy Mass, the main protagonist, Mia, has synesthesia. This is neutral because her synesthesia never truly hurt her.
Harmful
Asthma
Asthma can make it hard to breathe. Surprisingly enough it is most of the time by genetic herritation/mutation. Asthma can be incredibly dangerous, especially during an asthma attack.
Hemophilia
This mutation causes your blood to not have the ability to clot. This is incredibly dangerous because a small cut could make you bleed out.
Helpful
Deaf
Just as blindness could be harmful or helpful, being deaf can help others achieve greatness. Take Maya in Hawkeye for example. She's deaf, and she uses this to her advantage.
Blind
This is all on how you deal with being blind. For some people this is harmful, because they lost one of their senses. But for Erik Weihenmayer, this was an eye opener. Erik is an explorer that became blind. When he did, he started to use smell and sound more than one would normally. In Will Smith's Welcome to Earth, he might not be able to see the salmon in the river that he was kayaking in, he was able to smell it.
Construct an argument based on evidence for how environmental and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms.
Genetics
Genetics are like the outside of a house. It gives the build for the house, but the decorations and how homey that that house feels comes from the environment.
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Environment
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In this someone gave different strawberry plants inorganic fertilizer, food waste, and paper waste. The food waste did the best out of the three.
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Caim
You are more influenced by the environment, and less influenced by genetics.
In the NewsELA articles, the sports players expelled by the training, and their environment will determine whether or not they will excel at sports.
In the strawberry example, the enormonent had changed the growth rate of how tall the strawberry plants grew.
In the ScienceWorld Article two identical twins, Mark and Scott, went through a study to explain how the environment effects and organism. They studied the GENETIC changes due to ENVIRONMENTAL status.
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Construct an argument based on evidence for how asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation. Compare and contrast advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction.
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Use a model to describe the process of natural selection, in which genetic variations of some traits in a population increase some individual's likelihood of surviving and reproducing in a changing environment. Provide evidence that natural selection occurs over many generations.
