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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Orthopedic Impariment, The…
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Orthopedic Impariment
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Low Incidence
Orthopedic Impairments represent approximately 1.0 % of all students having a classification in special education
Cerebral Palsy (CP) affects the largest group of
students with orthopedic impairments in public schools
Challenges
Considering the diversity in conditions that are embodied by the orthopedic impairments category, educational challenges will differ case by case, and the strategies used in each case should focus on a student’s unique needs. Possible academic barriers include:
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Categories
- Neuromotor impairments - An abnormality of, or damage to, the brain, spinal cord, or nerves that send impulses to the muscles of the body
- Degenerative diseases - These are diseases that affect motor movement
- Musculoskelatal disorders - Defects or diseases of the muscles or bones
Teaching Strategies
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An Individual Education Plan (IEP) can assert that a student’s schedule should be arranged to eliminate excessive walking back and forth.
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Ensure school staff have awareness of medical condition and its affect on the student (such as getting tired quickly)
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The percentage of students received special education services under IDEA in school year 2019–20High Incidence
- 33% specific learning disabilities
- 19% speech or language impairments
- 15% percent had other health impairments
- 11% autism
Low Incidence
- 7% developmental delays
- 6% intellectual disabilities
- 5% emotional disturbances
- below 2% multiple disabilities, hearing impairments, orthopedic impairments, visual impairments, traumatic brain injuries, and deaf-blindness
Reference: Percentages of Learning Disabilities
Deafness is a severe form of hearing impairment which refers to having little to no functional hearing.
Deafness has a very low incidence within the population with .22% of the US population being affected. Half of whom are over the age of 65.
Assistive technologies
Low tech
Use of muted colors allow for reduced eye strain on deaf students who rely on signing for communication.
In class sign language interpreters who help to facilitate communication and access to curriculum for the deaf student. Please note this interpreter also aids in the communication with classmates who are hearing, which helps the deaf's child social emotional development.
'U' shaped or circular desk layout allow for optimal visual input for deaf students and allow for visual communication. This is important for deaf students to read lips, see facial cues and body language.
High Tech
Software like SLAIT allows for real time ASL to English interpreting when an interpreter is not available.
Cochlear implants(CI) are growing in popularity, but are very controversial in the deaf community. The implant allows a person to perceive sound through a process of converting sound to electrical signals which are then sent to the brain via a device implanted into the patient. CIs are NOT hearing aids and do not restore normal hearing. However, it does allow for speech.
Closed Captioning is a very commonly used assistive technology and can be used for media in the classroom. It is possibly one of the most widely available.
Interpretype are special computers with software which allows for direct communication between hearing and deaf people. Interpretype allows for face-to-face text messaging, speech to text communication, and long distance communication outside of the classroom.
90 % of deaf children are born to hearing parents. Deafness is often detectable early within children due to delayed speech and trouble communicating.
Teaching strategies
Make sure you always speak while facing the student. Do not speak while facing the blackboard. This is especially important for students who rely on lip reading.
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Make lecture notes and PowerPoints available to the student. This is important for students using assistive technologies and interpreters, as it is difficult to watch your interpreter, follow lecture material presented visually, and take notes.
Sources:
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Vox. (2016, March 2). How architecture changes for the Deaf. (Retrieved December 11, 2021,)YouTube. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=FNGp1aviGvE&t=217s
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S L A I T. Real-time Sign Language Translator with AI.聽(n.d.). Slait.ai. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from https://slait.ai/#usecases
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Educational challenges
Deaf children in many ways mirror ESL students, in that their first language is a sign language. Sign language is its own language with many varieties throughout the world and vary greatly between deaf communities. Sign languages have their own grammar, syntax and vocabulary which almost never mirrors the spoken language where the deaf child resides.
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Certain deaf communities may have very little educational material in a child's first language. ASL may be more widespread. However, say a child's first language is Pakistani sign language, the materials may be very few.
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Many of these educational challenges lead to the child feeling isolated. Isolation can lead to further social emotional challenges for the student
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Data
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425,000 (ages 3-21) cases in US public schools
Problems in two areas
Intellectual functioning (IQ<70):
learning, problem solving, judgement
Adaptive functioning:
daily life, communication and independence
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3 categories: mild, moderate and severe
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Assistive Technologies Click to read about the source :red_flag:
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Co:writer Universal: helps boost writing, style and grammar
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Ginger: words definition and spelling, helps writing
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Emotional Disturbance
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Low Tech
Personalized Notes - give the child encouragement and support privately by writing a personalized note to them throughout the day
Check Out Corner - create a "safe space" or quiet zone for the child to retreat to when they are overwhelmed by emotion or thoughts. This area is a a place they can go to whenever throughout the day to "reset" emotional responses.
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Journaling - allow time for student to journal or express their what their feeling through words or art as they navigate through various emotions due to their trauma or disturbance.
Conversational Support - scheduled time (2-5 minutes per day) that gives the teacher ability to check-in on and have a chat with the student on topics of interest.
High Tech
Organizational Support - online class schedules, reminders, planners to better support ED students that may find it difficult to stay organized or focused on tasks
Noise Sensitivity - devices to monitor the sound in the room to help regulate ED students being overwhelmed
Audible reading - reading text can quickly stress out a student with ED and cause disruptions in the student's success. Allowing the student to listen to the text can minimize the perceived work load.
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Click to link to the source
Assistive Technologies echo with differentiated instructions proposed by Tomlinson and Eidson (2003) as well as my interview summary and flowchart as shown in the above link.
Alex's Sources:Desautels, L. (2017, April 26). Reaching Students with Emotional Disturbances. Edutopia. Retrieved December 9, 2021, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/reaching-students-emotional-disturbances-lori-desautels. Guido, M. (2017, February 16). 25 Easy Ways to Use Technology in the Classroom [+ downloadable list]. Prodigy Education. Retrieved December 9, 2021, from https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/25-easy-ways-to-use-technology-in-the-classroom--downloadable-list/. Lynch, M. (2018, May 8). Assistive Technology to Help Students with Behavioral Disabilities Succeed Academically. The Edvocate. Retrieved December 9, 2021, from https://www.theedadvocate.org/assistive-technology-to-help-students-with-behavioral-disabilities-succeed-academically/. Pace, W. (2015, April 9). Assistive Technology for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. prezi.com. Retrieved December 9, 2021, from https://prezi.com/ptlrwxm4zqgk/assistive-technology-for-emotional-and-behavioral-disorders/. TherapyTravelers. (2018, February 18). Strategies for Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities. TherapyTravelers. Retrieved December 8, 2021, from https://therapytravelers.com/strategies-teaching-students-intellectual-disabilities/. Understanding Special Education Law (IDEA). Understanding Special Education: A Parent Guide. (2019). Retrieved December 8, 2021, from https://www.understandingspecialeducation.com/special-education-law.html.
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