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How To Build A World - Coggle Diagram

- - - - " In all other places it is visible that, while people talk of a commonwealth, every man only seeks his own wealth; but there, where no man has any property, all men zealously pursue the good of the public, and, indeed, it is no wonder to see men act so differently,"
        
        More, Utopia
        
        How do we create this perfect world?
        
        "But they report (and there remains good marks of it to make it credible) that this was no island at first, but a part of the continent. Utopus, ... he designed to separate them from the continent, and to bring the sea quite round them. To accomplish this he ordered a deep channel to be dug, fifteen miles long" (More, 51)
        
        The setting of the perfect world in Thomas More's Utopia starts off on an island physically separated from the main land where all travel inside in controlled thus controlling the influence. In this we see the necessity of a "blank slate" type environment in order to create a "perfect world" different from the world we live in.
        
        Blank Slate/New Beginning
        
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    - - A world in which there are clones made for organ harvesting.
        
        Ishiguro, Never Let Me Go
        
        As children at Hailsham, the students were told everything just before they could comprehend it and given an education that let them know their future without letting them fully process it. Their perspectives were shaped by their education.
        
        "The guardians offer information before it can be fully understood, so that by the time it is comprehended, it has come to be what the students “already knew”” with the end result being “a kind of brainwashing in which the ideology and vocabulary of donation become naturalised: simply the way things are.” (Journet, "How things are supposed to be")
        
        Hailsham
        
        Hailsham was set up to give the children some happiness but never to actually change the life they were to live at the end of the day.
    - - A world in which the Underground Railroad in a physical railroad and each state Handels slavery differently.
        
        Whitehead, The Underground Railroad
        
        "Stevens never used the word. He disapproved of racial prejudice.... The other students uttered the most horrible things about the coloured population of Boston... In death the negro became a human being. Only then was he the white mans equal" (Whitehead 112)
        
        Though black people were looked down upon and treated as less than human, they were often taken advantage of in medical situations to conduct epxeriments on. Often, the results of these experiment would add to science and inform treatment given to white people all in the name of the greater good.
        
        An example of cisnetific racism and taking advantage of black bodies can be seen in theThe US Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee. This study ran from 1932 to 1972 during which black men were said to be treated for "bad blood" but where actually being studied to see the effects of untreated syohlis on the body, This takes an even more sinister turn considering that the treatment for the deisease, penicillin, was widely available by 1943.
        
        Working for the Greater Good
        
        Accepted to be the father of modern gynaecology and greater of the speculum, James Sims conducted a lot of the experimentation that lead him to many of his discoveries on enslaved black women who could not consent and sometimes were unaware of what was occurring. All in the name of furthering science.
        
        Brings to mind, what exactly is the greater good? There already was a treatment for syphilis so why continue the study? In the case of gynaecology, there was heavy economic implication in understanding the female reproductive system in order to reduce recovery time for slaves after giving birth so they can get back to work.
        
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        "Ridgeway was fourteen when he took up with the patrollers... He beat his fellows when he spied his weakness in them.. Inside the rules, enforcing them, but also outside" (Whitehead 65)
        
        The origins of modern day police systems can actually be traced back to the patrollers put in place to capture run away slaves as described in this passage of the book.
        
        "Slave patrols and Night Watches, which later became modern police departments, were both designed to control the behaviors of minorities. For example, New England settlers appointed Indian Constables to police Native Americans (National Constable Association, 1995), the St. Louis police were founded to protect residents from Native Americans in that frontier city, and many southern police departments began as slave patrols." ( Kappeler)
        
        Each state has a different solution to slavery but still holds racist ideals and white supremacy
        
        Performative action
    - - Odradek, this creature representing things both living and inanimate
        
        Kafka, "The Cares of a Family Man"
        
        "To be sure, they are only old, broken-off bits of thread, knotted and tangled together, of the most varied sorts and colors." (Kafka)
        
        Odradeks form itself is made up of remnants of the past, inviting the reader to consider where has he/it been and what was its purpose in the past.
        
        "Odradek, as a construction, is the impossible of the bourgeois order. If, in a capitalist society, production for the market permeates the social order as a whole, then concrete forms of activity cease to have their justifications in themselves. Their end is external, their particular forms inessential. Now, Odradek has no purpose (i.e. he has no external end) but he is in his own way complete" (Yurtoğlu, 2018)
    - - A world post a mass deadly mass heat wave killing millions in India
        
        Robinson, Ministry for the Future
        
        Tasked to protect the interest of this ein the future, the ministry find itself in a difficult position of balancing what is going on currently and what will go on in the future fro those who do not exist yet. Especially in an environment where others d not care.
        
        "And of course if total emissions over historical time were totted up, India would come in far behind all of the developed nations of the Western world, as everyone knew...Now India was being told not to burn coal, when everyone else had finished burning enough of it to build up the capital to afford to shift to cleaner sources of power." (Robinson 40)
        
        In considering the summary of the 2021 COP26 meeting we see that much of what is written in the book is reflected in real life most notably the commentary on developed countries who have contributed the most to carbon emission pressuring developing countries to reduce their carbon emission without taking into account the complexities of economies. This can be see by India's climate negotiator move to rephrase from phase out to phase down.
        
        The rhetoric here can be traced back to capitalism and as highlighted by the New York Times article by Jamelle Bouie, one can not simply seperate racism and capitalism as they developed conjointly together and off of each other. Thus what we see in discussions, or lack of discussion/accountability, for climate change is lingering effects of capitalism and racism.
        
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        "But it isn’t working fast enough.” He tried to compose himself. “If you took your job seriously, you’d be looking into how to make change happen faster. Some things might be against the law, but in that case the law is wrong. I think the principle was set at Nuremberg— you’re wrong to obey orders that are wrong." (Robinson, 106)
        
        "Terrorisn is psychological warfare, aimed at instilling a sense of insecurity among members of the targeted group" (Orekek & Nieuwehnhui, 2014)
        
        Terrorism especially one that results in death and injury is generally looked down upon. In looking at the very definition however, we see that this is a political tool often used in order to reach a means or to maintain a certain sense of order. The question then becomes, it is justifiable to kill people in an act of terrorism to prevent the death of those who have yet to even exist in an uncertain future?
        
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        Climate change impacts cause disastrous changes that kill humans
    - - A world without inequality.
        
        Jemisin, “The Ones Who Stay And Fight"
        
        "Um-Helat has been a worse place, after all, in its past... Indeed, every young citizen must be reminded of these things upon coming of age, and told carefully curated stories of their nature and purpose. When the young citizens learn this, it is a shock almost incomprehensible, in that they literally lack the words to comprehend such things...But what shocks the young citizens of Um-Helat is the realization that, once, those differences of opinion involved differences in respect" (Jemisin, "The Ones Who Stay and Fight")
        
        In order to facilitate this world without inequality, the experiences that those who operate in it are changed. The youth are taught of the world of the past as a way to uphold the wold they currently live in but also to justify the means that are put in place to protect that world.
        
        The social workers take on a role as those upholding the ideals of this world by eliminating those who may go against what the general society deems correct/moral.
    - - A world with perpetual earthquakes that society must constantly rebuild from
        
        Jemisin, The 5th Season
        
        "Stonelore changes all the time, Syenite...Every civilization adds to it; parts thatdon’t matter to the people of the time are forgotten. There’s a reason TabletTwo is so damaged: someone, somewhere back in time, decided that it wasn’t important or was wrong, and didn’t bother to take care of it. Or maybe they even deliberately tried to obliterate it," (Jemisin, 96)
        
        Stonelore as the basis of the need to oppress orogens as they are "dangerous" and formula to survive a season. Taught in schools and unchanging.
        
        Revealing that the narrative justifying orogenes oppression has been twisted to make the victim look like the aggressor. Manipulation of history taught in schools.
        
        Fulcrum
        
        Gaurdians
        
        Policing
    - - "They all understand that their happiness, the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children, the wisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery." (Le Guin)
        
        *Le Guin, "The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas"*
        
        Here we are presented with the idea of this child who is suffering terribly whilst all around them there is happiness. The happiness everyone experiences is dependent on the suffering of the child and they are required to know it.
        
        Written in a very contractually way, as if the in order Mohave happiness one person must bear the suffering of all. That is how to achieve this Utopia.
      - Is the happiness of the majority truly worth the complete suffering of one? Especially is that one is a child?