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Spain: The Restoration, liberalism and democratic ideas, image, image,…

- - - - a period of political instability followed
      - military coups designed to overthrow absolutism
      - 1820, a coup led by Riego and Quiroga succeeded
      - Fernando VII was forced to reinstate the Constitution of 1812
    - - 1823 Fernando VII asked the Holy Alliance for assistance.
      - French army defeated the liberals
      - Fernando VII re-established the absolute monarchy
    - - Fernando VII enjoyed the support of the Spanish people
      - uphold the Constitution of 1812
      - Fernando VII agreed with the absolutists' demands
- - - - queen was supported by the liberal political parties
    - - crown retained power this power was shared
  - - - Isabel was still a minor,
        
        two regents governed in her name:
        
        María Cristina Bourbon
        
        General Espartero
    - - Fernando VII's brother Carlos claimed the throne
      - did not accept either the Pragmatic Sanction or Isabel II as queen.
      - He was supported in the war by the absolutists
    - - the Convention of Vergara was signed
      - Isabel recognised as Queen of Spain
      - agreed to respect the fueros of Navarra and Vascongadas.
      - Carlos did not accept the treaty
  - - - Isabel II reached the age of majority
    - - the second Carlist War (1846–1849)
        
        The war was caused by Isabel II
        
        war ended with the defeat of the Carlists.
      - social instability
        
        caused by discontent among the peasants
        
        tension between workers and factory owners
      - alternation in power
        
        Moderates
        
        Progressives
      - Spain's economic problems
      - Spain's division
        
        into 49 provinces
        
        The Civil Guard was created
        
        1855
        
        railway law was introduced
  - - - economic crisis.
        
        caused by poor harvests
        
        halt in railway construction
- - - - well supported in all the major cities in Spain
  - - - Victor Emmanuel II
        
        was named King Amadeo I of Spain
      - third Carlist War (1872–1876)
        
        the provisional government had not chosen the Carlist candidate
    - - the Cortes proclaimed Spain a republic
        
        first time that Spain was not ruled by a monarch
      - First Republic faced many problems
        
        third Carlist War continued
        
        Alfonso's supporters rejected the republic
      - the divisions among the Republicans
        
        a federal republic
        
        a centralised, in which the central government would control all the political and administrative institutions.
    - - General Serrano
        
        head of the government,
        
        looked for a new king for Spain who was not a Bourbon
      - The Constitution of 1869
        
        Spain's most democratic constitution