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Young Adulthood Milestone Project, Cognitive Development, Theories on…

- - - - YA's do Sexually Risky Behaviors
      - Peak Fertility = More Pregnancies.
        
        85% of YA women will get pregnant
  - - - Less than 6% have daily health issues
    - - 26% Accidental
      - 14% Cancer
      - 12% Heart Disease
      - 10% Suicide
    - - Obesity
        
        Caused by: Bad Diet / Low Excercise
      - Substance Abuse
        
        Alcohol Use
        
        Binge Drinking Defined by 5+ Drinks taken consecutively at least once in the past month.
        
        Smoking Tobacco
        
        African-Americans disproportionately suffer from tobacco use.
        
        20% of YA's abuse a substance
        
        Leading substance is Marijuana (17%)
        
        Increases risk!
        
        ADDICTIONS
      - STDs & STI's
        
        YA's account for 50% of new STD cases in USA
      - Sleep Deprivation
- - - - Stages 1-3 - People rely on supreme authority for seeking knowledge and personal satisfaction
      - Stages 6-7 - Able to critically evaluate information and make independent judgements
      - Stages 4-5 - Recognition of Uncertainy in Knowledge
    - - Based on Similar Developmental Ideas
        
        Woman's ways of knowing
        
        Constructed - All knowledge comes from evidence.
        
        Recieved - Learn by Listening - truth = authority
        
        Procedural - Knowledge is everywhere, and experiences determine knowledge
        
        Subjective - Recognition of the self as authority
        
        KNOWLEDGE PERSPECTIVES:
        
        Silence - Black/white thoughts
        
        Developed to encapsulate women's postformal thought
      - Commitment to Relativism (Commitment to personal beliefs / values)
      - Relativism (Truth is contextual)
      - Dualism (Existence of absolute truth)
      - Multiplicity (Empathic Acceptance)
      - Perry's Theory Highlights Transition from accepting authority to finding personal truths
- - - - Self-protective
      - Dysregulated
      - Complex
      - Integrated
- - - - Comprehensive Knowledge
      - Peaks in Adolescence, Remains Constant with Age.
    - - Highly Adaptive knowledge
      - Peaks in Young Adulthood - Gradually Declines with Age.
  - - - Multiple solutions to a problem.
      - Peaks in Young Adulthood, decreases with age.
- - - - Stage 1: "Leaving the Parents World"
      - Stage 2: "I'm Nobody's Baby Now"
- - - - Stage 6: Development and alignment with a personal moral code, and respectful for Universal Principles.
      - Stage 5: Acceptance that rules can fail to serve the common good, and can be unjust.
- - - - Find a Mate.
      - Learn to Live with Said Mate.
      - Start a Family.
      - Raise Children.
      - Manage a Residence.
      - Start a Career.
      - Assume Civic and Societal Responsibilities
  - - - Families with Pre-school children
      - Families with School children
      - Childbearing Families
      - Families with Adolescents.
      - Married Couples
      - Families as Launching Centers.
      - Middle-Aged Parents.
      - Aging Family Members
- - - - Holland's Theories
        
        Holland's Personality Typologies and Related Occupations
        
        Artistic
        
        Enjoys working with emotions, and ideas.
        
        Artist (shocker), comedian, actor
        
        Social
        
        Enjoys working with people and emotionally investing in the welfare of others
        
        Counselor, Teacher, Pastor
        
        Enterprising
        
        Enjoys using leadership and persuasion skills. Likes people.
        
        Sales Manager, Entrepreneur, Politician
        
        Conventional
        
        Enjoys the Indoors and clerical skills. Prefers Numbers
        
        Accountant, court clerk, bank teller
        
        Realistic
        
        Mechanic, police officer, lab technician
        
        Working with your hands
        
        HELP
        
        Description of term
        
        Sample Occupations
        
        Investigative
        
        Professor, Pharmacist, Researcher
        
        Analytical skills, enjoys independent, idea-focused work.
        
        Career Selection Process
        
        Self-Understanding
        
        Information about the world of work
        
        Integration
      - Career Interests
        
        Manifested (discovered throguh experiences)
        
        Expression (verbal/nonverbal)
      - Planned Happenstance
        
        Approach that recognizes how Unplanned events shape vocational aspirations
        
        John Krumboltz
      - Vocational Preparation Options
        
        High School & College
        
        Trade Schools
        
        Military Involvement
    - - Work Values
        
        Needs for being present in work.
      - Job Satisfaction
        
        Young Adults are typically less satisfied
        
        Young Adults typically hold entry-level, crappy jobs.
    - - Theories cannot be universally applied
      - Individualistic theories are likely to clash with collectivistic theories
      - Economic means is a gatekeeper to finding satisfactory career
      - Hard Work is not always rewarded - Privledge Exists
      - Work may not be central to one's Identity
      - Career Development may not be a linear process for some.
  - - - High Anxiety Low Avoidance. Fear of rejection
    - - Low Anxiety High Avoidance. Self-sufficient people.
    - - They trust their partners. Low Anxiety & Avoidance
      - 60% of YA's Identify as Secure
    - - High Anxiety, High avoidance. Avoids relationships alltogether.
  - - - Increased risk for Depression
      - Decreased Marital Satisfaction
      - Lower Sexual intimacy
      - Increased Anger, and Increased risk of Child Abuse
- - - - Consummate Love
    - - Companionate Love
        
        Similar to a Platonic, or Familial love.
      - Fatuous Love
    - - Romantic Love
        
        What "In Love" means.
  - - - Most Influential
    - - Men value this more than women.
    - - Opposites CAN attract, but are typically more unstable.
- - - - Autonomous, possibly spontaneous.
      - Lower well-being.
      - Female Discrimination possible.
      - Cohabitation
        
        Prevalent in Young Adults, 1 in 10 last 5+ years.
        
        Lower Marital Satisfaction
    - - 81% men and 86% women will wed before 40.
      - Gender Roles are nonviable in today's society.
      - Sadly, only 33% of couples reach their 25th anniversary.
      - Infidelity is most prevalent in Young Adult Populations
        
        Men are 2x more likely to cheat.
        
        Personality factors (Narcissism, low contientiousness) and situational factors (low marriage satisfaction, work / life stress, opportunity) influence likeliehood of infidelity.
      - TYPES
        
        Open - Marriage
        
        Swingers
        
        Extramarital sex is not seen as infidelity, unless trust is betrayed by one or both partners.
        
        Closed - Marriage
        
        Sexual Faithfulness is to the spouse.
        
        Homosexual Marriages
        
        More isolated form community suppoort
        
        Just as satisfied and intimate as heterosexuals
        
        Sometimes, they have better conflict resolutions
        
        20% have Kids
      - Sexual Dysfunction
        
        Infertility
        
        Largely Biological Causes
        
        7% women have fertility issues.
        
        For men, its less of a concern.
        
        DEFINITION: Disturbance in Sexual Desire and response cycle that causes distress and impairment.
        
        RISK FACTORS
        
        Chronic Disease
        
        Bad Mental Health
        
        Psychotropic Medicine
        
        Feelings of emotional distance with partner
      - Divorce
        
        Risk Factors
        
        Infedelity
        
        Domestic Violence
        
        Alcoholism
        
        Mutually Low satisfaction
        
        Re-Marriages are Typically less stable
        
        50% of Marriages End like this