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THE STEAM MACHINE - Coggle Diagram
THE STEAM MACHINE
Main consequences
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World economy became a market economy, where industrialised states would import raw materials from colonies and export manufactured goods to their colonies, which were captive markets.
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New Markets
An increase in the consumer base, thanks to population growth
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Transport: Steamships
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Propelling was first made using paddles, then side wheels and finally propellers
The textile industry
Before the industrial revolution, wool was the main raw material used for clothing. The transformation of wool was usually artisanal in workshops controlled by guilds.
Nevertheless, a new material became very popular in the 18th century: cotton. Cotton clothes were lighter, easier to wash and were dyed in colourful patterns.
The iron industry
Iron needed a more calorific fuel than the usual charcoal. In 1709, coke was used in blast furnaces to produce iron. This also stimulated coal mining.
1856: The Bessemer converter made possible the manufacturing of steel. Steel is more flexible and is ideal for construction, machinery, tools and public works.
Railways
By 1825, a freight line already worked between Stockton and Darlington. In 1830, thanks to a new locomotive called Rocket, a passenger line was established between Manchester and Liverpool.
Besides developing a specific railway industry, railways also increased the demand on the iron industry, coal mining, and construction.
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Use in industry
Throughout the 1800s, steam engines were improved. They became smaller and more efficient. Large steam engines were used in factories and mills to power machines of all types.
The Steam Machine
A cylinder with a piston is pushed by steam pressure, which then pushes a beam. The piston moves a crankshaft which connects to a rod, transforming the piston’s reciprocating motion in circular motion, it was perfected by James Watt
Hydraulic power
Water was used in conjunction with the water frame invention by Richard Arkwight to power the whole production cycle in large factories, Giant water wheels would sit next to the factory and drive production through the following water over the machine.
The importance of coal
Although coal had been exploited in England since the 16th century, demand rose exponentially with the demand for the steam- powered machines.
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