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ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION - Coggle Diagram
ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION
Germany and Italy had been divided for many centuries
The Congress of Vienna confirmed these divisions
Nationalist movements in the 19th century ended these divisions
Italian unification
1859–1870
Factors caused a growth in nationalism
they were encouraged by
nationalist and liberal successes in other countries
examples
Belgium
Greece
the failure of the Revolutions of 1848
example
The King of Piedmont-Sardinia wanted to unite Italy
He was defeated by Austria
The Congress of Vienna left the Italian Peninsula divided into 7 states
Some were controlled by Austria
Important figures supported Italian unification
King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia
Cavour (his prime minister)
Napoleon III
The unification process
South
in 1860
Garibaldi conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
in 1866
Piedmontese and Garibaldi took control of Venetia
in 1870
Rome was occupied
Italy
Victor Emmanuel II: king
Rome: capital
became a parliamentary monarchy
North
Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour
tried to extend their kingdom's constitutional through Italy
in 1859
the Piedmontese expelled the Austrians from Lombardy
with the help of Napoleon III
battles of
Magenta
Solferino
German unification
It began as a result of these factors
liberal and nationalist ideas were popular
the Revolution of 1848
the Frankfurt Parliament tried to create a unified state but it failed
the Congress of Vienna
German Confederation was divided into 39 states controlled by Austria
in 1834
a customs union (the Zollverein) was created
it encouraged a political union
The unification process
1st phase
in 1866
Otto von Bismarck expelled the Austrians from the German Confederation
Battle of Sadowa
2nd phase
Bismarck defeated Napoleon III
wanted to limit Prussian expansion
Prussia annexed Alsace-Lorraine
after this, the German princes united with Prussia
in 1871
Wilhelm I became emperor
Berlin became the capital
Germany became the Second Reich
1866–1871
Consequences
France's defeat by Prussia
Napoleon III's Second Empire collapsed
It was replaced by the Third republic
Russian empire decided to expand towards the Balkans
to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea
The Austro-Hungarian Empire lost power
German Empire became Europe's dominant power
