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Soils - Coggle Diagram
Soils
Soil Forming Factors
Climate
Temperature
Precipitation
Time
.01-.1mm per year new soil
Young Vs. Old weathering does not determine age
Carbon Dating to determine approx age of soil
Parent Material
Loess: Windblown soil particles
Alluvial: Deposited by water
Colluvial: Deposited by gravity
Residual: Original Material
Regolith: A layer of unconsolidated debris from weathered rock
Topography
Higher up more parent material exposed
water travels down topography leading to transportation of parent materials
Slope Aspect
Living Organisms
Tunneling
Aeration and Water Supply
Provide Root Pathways
Pedoturbation: Moving surface soil to deeper layers
Wastes Provide Nutrients
Vegetation will effect soil horizons
How deep a layer is
If there is an O layer or not
Roots prevent erosion
Prevent further break down of materials
Compaction of soil (Urban Environments)
Soil Properties
Biological Properties
Habitat
Organic Matter
Broken down into original elemental compounds
Macroorganisims
Larger organisms that you can see without aid
earth worms
create Biopores
Microorganisims
Bacteria
Microscope required to see
Physical Properties
Pores: Water and Air use to move through the soil
Biopores: Made of previously living organisms such as plant roots and animal tunnels/burrow
Micropores: Smaller than 0.08mm
Macropore: Larger than .08mm
Compaction can effect.
Water: 25% of total soil structure
Air: 25% of total soil structure
Particles
Sand
Large pore spaces: Allows fast movement of water
Roundish
Heaviest of particles
Coarse texture
Most Sand is comprised of quartz because quartz resists weathering
Silt
Silky in Texture
Loess (Luss): Wind blown soil
Does not stick together
middle weight
Clay
Plate like
Less pore space to allow for water to pass through
Holds because it is chemically attracted to water
Easily influenced compaction
High Surface area
Sticky Texture
Colloidial
lightest
Chemical Properties
Red clays contain highly oxidized iron
Elements Contained
Iron
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Phosphorous
Aluminum
Sulfer
Magnesium
Pottasium
Calcium
Zinc
Boron
Crop Rotation
Corn provies nitrogen
Soybeans Fix Nitrogen