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Dylan Pina, Period 2, Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - provides an airway for respiration, moistens and warms entering air, filters and cleans inspired air, serves as resonating chamber for speech, houses olfactory receptors
    - - divided by the midline nasal septum
      - Nasal Vestibule - nasal cavity superior to nostrils lines with vibrissae that filter course particles from inspired air
      - ciliated cells sweep contaminated mucus posteriorly towards the throat
      - Nasal Conchae - scroll-like, mucosa covered projections that protrude medially from each lateral wall of nasal cavity
  - - - lighten the skull, secrete mucus, warm and moisten air
  - - - air passageways(only air) posterior to nasal cavities
      - pharyngeal tonsils located on posterior wall
    - - passageway for food and air from level of soft palate to epiglotties
      - Palatine tonsils located in lateral walls of fauces
      - Lingual tonsil located on posterior surface of tongue
    - - passageway for food and air
      - posterior to upright for epiglottis
      - extends to larynx where it continues with esophagus
- - - - provides patent airways
      - routes air and food into proper channels
      - voice production
    - - opening between vocal folds - Glottis
      - false vocal cords - Vestibular folds
      - form core of vocal folds (true) - vocal ligaments
  - - - Mucosa
        
        ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
      - submucosa
        
        CT with seromucous glands that help produce the mucus "sheets" within trachea
      - adventitia
        
        outermost layer of the wall made of CT
  - - - leads to alveolar ducts then alveolar sacs which contain clusters of alveoli
        
        site of actual gas exchange
    - - blood barrier that consists of alveolar and capillary walls along with their fused basement membrane
  - - - root- site of vascular and bronchial attachment
      - costal surface- anterior, lateral and posterior
      - Hilum - found on mediastinal surface, it's the site for entry/exit of blood vessels, brnochi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
      - left lung- separated into superior and inferior lobes by the Oblique Fissure
      - right lung - seperated into superior, middle, and inferior lobes by the horizontal fissure
- - - - when dome-shaped the diaphragm contracts, it moves inferiorly and flattens out, results in increase in thoracic volume
    - - when external intercostals contract, the ribcage is lifted up and out, causing increase in thoracic volume
- - - - amount of air moved into and out of lungs with each breath
    - - amount of air that can be inspired forcible beyond the tidal volume
    - - amount of air that always remains in lungs
  - - - sum of TV + IRV
    - - sum of RV+ ERV
    - - sum of Tv+IRV+ERV
    - - sum of all