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STAGE 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Physical properties: include size, form, specific surface and ratio between width and height, degree of adhesion between molecules, smoothness or roughness of their surface, and dissolution capacity.
      - Chemical properties: molecular structure, composition, and chemical purity of the surface of the aggregate, and behavior in the presence of water molecules or oils.
      - Optic properties: nanomaterials absorb light in a variable range of wavelengths, depending on the size and the shape of the nanoparticles in suspension.
      - Magnetic properties:Nanoparticles with magnetic properties are iron, nickel, and cobalt.
- - - - CARBON ALLOTROPES
        
        Are the different physical formsin which arbon atoms can be arranged and linked. Allotropes are classified into two main types
        
        AMORPHOUS
        
        Amorphopus carbon: type of porous sponge, with many hexagonal and tetrahedral nets organized randomly. This mineral matrix can catch other elements, which can compact or expand the sponge, and its structural nuclei will vary in size.
        
        CRYSTALLINE
        
        GRAPHITE
        
        Was defined by Abraham Gottlob Werner in the year 1789. It is found in metamorphic rocks and can be synthesized from amorphous carbon. Its uses are the manufacture of pencil mines when mixed with a paste; it is used in the manufacture of several engineering parts.
        
        DIAMOND
        
        From a structural point of view, it consists of carbon atoms with hybridization sp', forming a three-dimensional tetrahedral grid. It is the hardest mineral, and its melting point is close to 4 000 °C. Its uses are as gems or ornaments, whether mounted on earrings, rings, necklaces, or headbands.
        
        FULLERENES
        
        These are considered the third form of carbon, with a hollow structure of up to 60 carbon atoms, hybrid sp2 and sp3, which form 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons. Its production, they can form in nature as a result of fires or lightning. Due to its structure and high symmetry, they have high physical strength.
        
        TYPES AND APPLICATIONS
        
        2 more items...
        
        NANOTUBES
        
        Their structure comes from a rolled up sheet of graphene, depending on the degree of lamination, and for the way the original sheet is formed, different diameters and internal geometry can result.
- - - - NP based on carbon: fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are the largest representatives of this class and are discussed in greater detail in the following items
      - NP metallic : mainly metals
      - NP ceramics: are inorganic non-metallics solids, synthesized by heat and cooled successively. Can be found in hollow or porous.
      - NP semiconductors: have metallic and non-metallic properties.
      - NP based on lipids: these contain half of the lipids and the other half of metallic nanoparticles, and are used in many medical applications
      - NP polymeric: their base is usually organic, and these are known as polymeric nanoparticles