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05 A FRAGILE PEACE - Coggle Diagram
05 A FRAGILE PEACE
The late 19th century
Belle Époque
a period of prosperity and optimism
great tension in international relations
territorial expansionism
determined by Germany between 1870-1890
The German chancellor, Bismarck
designed a complex system of alliances
(the Bismarckian system)
First system (1872)
League of the Three Emperors
Austro-Hungarian
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Russian
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German
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Second system (1879–1882)
bilateral agreement with Austria-Hungary
(Dual Alliance)
When Italy joined......
Triple Alliance
Bismarck revived the League of the Three Emperors
Third system (1887)
Bismarck reinforced the Triple Alliance
Reinsurance Treaty with the Russian tsar
Russian neutrality in the event of an attack by France
Bismarck signed
Mediterranean Agreements with
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in order to isolate France
which wanted revenge for the loss of Alsace-Lorraine (Franco-Prussian War 1871)
in 1890
two opposing diplomatic blocs formed in Europe
the Triple Alliance
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Triple Entente
Russia
France
Great Britain
arms race or armed peace
diplomatic tension between the two blocs
Morocco
Between 1905 and 1911
France and Germany were on the brink of war over its control
strategic value
raw materialr
Balkan wars
Between 1912 and 1913
FIRST
an alliance of Balkan countries
declared war on the Ottoman Empire
leading to its withdrawal from Europe
these countries were
Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Greece
SECOND
the former (BALKAN) allies fought each other
Serbia (with support of Russia) benefited from this war
The conflict between Russia and Austria-Hungary for control of the Balkans
Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente in World War I
each bloc invested in its military
advances of industrialisation
SLAVIC NATIONALISM AND INSTABILITY IN THE BALKANS
Many different people in Eastern Europe in the same empire
Austro-Hungarian Empire
the Ottoman Empire
Most of them were Slavic
nationalist demands (Russia)
great political instability
several wars
THE BALKANS UNTIL 1878
THE BALKANS UNTIL 1913
