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PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS : SCHIZOPHRENIA - Coggle Diagram
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS : SCHIZOPHRENIA
Family dysfunction
Linking schizophrenia to living in a dysfunctional family
Schizophrenogenic mother
Double blind theory
Expressed emotion
Schizophrenogenic mother
Double bind theory
A father might for example, complain about the lack of affection shown by his daughter, whilst at the same time indicating that she is too old to hug him when she tries to be affectionate.
Importance of communication style in the family
Child receives contradictory messages from their parents= more likely to develop the illness
Mother tells son she loves him but at the same time turns away in disgust
Child’s ability to respond to the mother is incapacitated by these contradictions because one invalidates the other
This prevents the development of a coherent construction of reality
Manifests itself as schizophrenia
May see their feelings/perceptions as unreliable indications of reality
Example down below:
Schizophrenogenic = Schizophrenia causing
Mother is:
Cold
Controlling
Rejecting
Family climate characterised by: tension and secrecy
Leads to distrust and develops into paranoid delusions and ultimately schizophrenia
Expressed emotion
Schizophrenics have a lower tolerance for intense environmental stimuli e.g. intense emotional comments
Leads to stress beyond their coping mechanisms – triggers schizophrenia
Negative emotional climate or high degree of expressed emotion (EE)
EE – family talk about psychiatric patient in a critical or hostile manner
High EE family – talk more and listen less
High EE family – patient is 4x more likely to relapse
Cognitive explanations
2 types of dysfunctional thinking
Metarepresentation:
The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviours
Allows us to interpret the actions of others
Dysfunction in Metarepresentation = cause of hallucinations and delusions
SZ’s may not realise that their own actions are a result of their own intentions. This gives rise to the belief that they are under alien control and their thoughts are being implanted in their heads
can’t create a proper understanding of who they are & what they want
2.) Central control:
Ability to suppress automatic responses while we perform deliberate actions instead
Dysfunction of this could explain speech poverty – each word they say triggers associations and the patient cannot suppress these responses
Familys dysfunction
Read (2005)
Reviewed 46 studies on childhood abuse and schizophrenia
69% female and 59% male schizophrenia patients had a history of sexual or physical abuse or both
Insecure attached more likely to have schizophrenia
A03= family dsyfunction