Diego D. P.3 Respiratory System
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
Compare and Contrast Inspiration and Expiration
Lower Respiratory Structures and Functions
Upper Respiratory Structures and Functions
Layers of the Pleurae
Internal vs. External Respiration
Volume and Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Move fresh air into your body
Remove waste gases from body
Produce sounds
Deliver oxygen to cells in your body
Protect airways
Nose, nasal cavity, mouth, throat, and voice box
Lined with a mucous membrane that secretes mucus. The mucus traps smaller particles with pollen or smoke.
Trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs
Bronchial tubes carry air into the lungs and branch into smaller and smaller bronchioles.
Inner: visceral pleura
Outer layer: parietal pleura
Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and cervical pleura
Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract (active process)
Expiration occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax. (passive process)
The contraction or relaxation of muscles around the lungs changes the entire volume of air inside the lungs, and so does the pressure.
Lung volume expands because the diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles contract, thus expanding the thoracic cavity
This increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity lowers pressure compared to the atmosphere
Lung volumes are also known as respiratory volumes. It refers to the volume of gas in the lungs at a given time during the respiratory cycle.
Lung capacities are derived from a summation of different lung volumes. The average total lung capacity of an adult human male is about 6 litres of air.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume: Top of wave
resting Tidal Volume: middle of wave
Expiratory Reserve Volume: Bottom of wave
Residual Volume: bottom of chart
Inspiratory Capacity: upper and middle of chart
Functional Residual Capacity: Bottom and middle of chart
Vital Capacity: Upper middle and bottom of chart
Total Lung Capacity: whole chart
External Respiration: breathing; bringing air into the lungs and and releasing air into the atmosphere
Internal Respiration: oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessles.
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: chronic bronchitis and asthma
Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis, weakened immune system
Pneumonia: bacterial or viral infection of the lungs, shortness of breath
Lung Cancer: uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Seasonal Flu: A viral infection; dry cough, fatigue, congestion