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Lilibeth Ovalle Period 2 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Lilibeth Ovalle Period 2 Respiratory System
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Expiration
Pleura and chest wall are pulled inward
The diaphragm and inter coastal muscles relax. causing the thoracic cavity to contract
Alveoli contract
Diaphragm springing upwards pushes air out of lung
Inspiration
When the lungs expand, the alveoli inflate to prevent the lung from collapsing
Lower air pressure than atmospheric pressure
Muscles expand the thoracic cavity
Air moves from higher to lower pressure
Disorders of the respiratory system
Tuberculosis
, Infectious bacterial disease
Symptoms
-Coughing up blood, weightloss, night sweats
Causes
- Spread from person to person (sneeze/cough)
Treatment
- Medication
Pnuemonia
,
Infection of lungs where it inflames
Symptoms
- Coughing, fast heart rate, sharp pain in chest
Causes
- Influenza virus, airborne droplets
Treatment
- Iv fluids, oxygen therapy, antibiotics
Lung Cancer
, uncontrolled cell growth in lungs
-
Symptoms
- Chronic chestpain, persistent coughs
Causes
- Smoking, asbestos/radon gas, or family line
Treatment
- Lung transplant, oxygen therapy, antibiotics
COPD
(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
Symptoms
- Shortness of breath. wheezing, chest tightness
Causes
- Genetics, asthma, Tobacco
Treatment
- Medication, Oxygen supplement, Pulmonary rehabilitation
Seasonal Flu
,
Viral Infection
Symptoms
-Onset flu, coughing, sore throat
Causes
- Airborne droplets, touching eyes or mouth
Treatment
- Antiviral drugs, Rest
Respiratory volumes and capacities
0)
Tidal Volume-
Air the moves in and out during cycle (around 500ml)
-1)
Expiratory reserve volume
- Amount of air that can be forced out after a normal expiration (around 1100)
-2)
Residual Volume
- Amount of air remaning in lungs after forceful expiration (ERV) (Around 1200ml)
1)
Inspiratory reserve volume
the amount- of air a person can inhale forcefully after normal tidal volume inspiration (around 1900-3300ml)
Total lung capacity
- The total amount of gas one can contain after maximum inspiration ( about 6,000mL)
Vital Capacity
- the maximal volume of air that can be expired following maximum inspiration. (about 4800mL, IRV, TV, and ERV totaled together)
Functional Residual Capacity
- the volume remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation (around 1800ml)
Major Functions of the respiratory system
Moves oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide from the cells
Regulates moisture of air, pulmonary defense, blood ph, sense of smell
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose
- The only structure of the respiratory system that is external. Filters air
Sinuses
- Pockets of air that make our skull lighter and resonates our voice
Nasal Cavity
- Space behind the nose, moves and moistens air
Pharaynx
- Passes the food and air
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Larynx
- Contains vocal cords, passageway for air only and prevents foreign object form passing
Lungs
- Organs found in the thoracic cavity. Contains air passageways, nerves, blood vessels,lymphatic vessels, alveoli
Trachea
- tube that connects bronchial and larynx, lined with mucous to remove particles
Bronchial Tree
- Branched tubes that lead from trachea to alveoli, filters air
Layers of the pleurae
Visceral pleurae
- Inner layer that is attached to the lung
Parietal pleurae
- Outer layer that lines the cavity
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Inspiration
- The pressure in the lungs fall below atmospheric pressure(2mm)
Atmospheric pressure
- Pressure exerted by the air around us which dictates the force in which air move into the lungs
Expiration
- Pressure increases to 1 mm above the atmospheric pressure
Inverse Relationship-
Increasing volume in thoracic cavity causes lung pressure to decrease
Internal vs external respiration
Inspiration
- Gas exchange between blood and body cells
Expiration
- Gas exchange between lungs and blood