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Respiratory System concept map MIKAELA HERNANDEZ PER:5 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System concept map
MIKAELA HERNANDEZ
PER:5
lower respiratory system
Trachea
Tube hat runs from the larynx and divides interiorly into the two main bronchi; made up of c shaped cartilage; its an air passage that works to clean warm and moisten air
Bronchi and branches
Has two main bronchi(right and left);bronchiolar walls are made up of smooth muscle ;its and airway the connect trachea with alveoli; works to clean, warm, and moisten
Larynx
connects pharynx to trachea and is made up of cartilage and dense CT;houses the vocal cords; its a passage that prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract
Lungs and alveoli
Lungs:paired organs composed of alveoli and respiratory passageway; houses repiratory passages. Alveoli:Microscopic chambers at termini of bronchial tree composed of simple squamous epithelium; the main sites of gas exchange
layers of pleurae
Parietal Pleura:membane on the thoracic wall around heart and between lungs
Visceral pleura:membrane on external lung surface
Inspiration vs expiration
Inspiration:involves diaphragm and external intercostals
Diaphragm:when it contracts it moves inferiorly and flattens
Intercostal muscles:when they contract rib cage is lifted up and out
Results in increase thoracic volume
Expiration;quiet expiration usually is passive process
inspiratory muscles relax and thoracic volume decreases and lungs recoil
when volume decreases it causes intrapulmonary pressure to increase
Forced expiration in an active process
Respiratory volume and capacities
Functional residual capacity(FRC):sum of RV and ERV
Vital capacity(VC):sum of TV and IRV and ERV
Inpiratory capacity(IC):sum of TV and IRV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC):sum of all lung volumes
Inspiration reserve volume:amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond TV (2100-3200 ml)
Expiration reserve volume:amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs (1000-1200 ml)
Tidal volume:amount of air moved in and out of lung with each breath-averages-500ml
Residual volume: amount of air that always remains in lungs(to keep alveoli open)
Volume and pressure of thoracic cavit
Intrapulmonary pressure;pressure inside lung decreases as lung volume increases during inspiration; pressure increases during expiration
Intrapleural pressure; pleural cavity pressure becomes more negative as chest wall expands during inspiration, returns to normal value as chest recoils
Volume of breath;during each breath the pressure gradients move 0.5 liter of air into and out of lungs
Internal and external respiration(both subject to basic properties of gases and composition of alveolar gas)
External:diffusion between blood and lungs; involves exchange of O2 and CO2
Internal:diffusion of gases between blood and tissues:involves capillary gas exchange in body tissues
Major Functions of the respiratory system
Delivers oxygen to the body for cellular respiration and makes carbon dioxide a waste product
disorders
Pneumonia:bacterial or viral infection:caused by viral infection or individuals;sympton can be fever and/or chills can be treated by over the counter medication
COPD:chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder can be caused by age or genetics symptoms are wheezing and/or coughing and can be treated with antibiotics
Lung cancer:uncontrolled cel growth caused by genetics and/or air pollution symptoms can be chest paining/or fatigue and can be treated by radiation
Tuberculosis:bacterial infection caused by myocardium terburculosis its contagious and symptoms can be weight loss and/or fever and can be treated by surgery or antibiotics
seasonal flu:viral infection can be caused by age symptoms can be dry cough and/or fever can be treated by early vaccination and/or rest and hydration
Upper respiratory system
Nose and Nasal cavities
External:Made up of bone and cartilage Internal:divided by septum
They works to produce mucus ; warms filters and moisten
Pharynx
Passageway that connect nasal cavity to larynx and oral cavity to esophagus; houses the tonsils; its a parade for air and food
Paranasal Sinuses
Mucosa line cavities filled with air that works to lighten the skull and can also warm, moisten, and filter