Sarah Rebolledo
Period 5 Respiratory System
Major functions of the respiratory system
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Disorders of the respiratory system
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Layers of the pleurae
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Internal vs. external respiration
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
seasonal flu
Lung cancer
Popcorn lungs
Tuberculosis
COPD
lung collapse
Bronchitis
pnemonia
The inner layer (visceral pleura)
The outer layer (parietal pleura)
pleural fluid (separates inner and outer layer)
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
nasal cavity
Bronchi and branches
Lungs and alveoli
Trachea
Diaphragm
Larynx(voice box)
.
Lighten skull
Secrete mucus
Help to warm and moisten air
nose
.
Provides an airway for respiration
Moistens and warms entering air
Filters and cleans inspired air
Serves as resonating chamber for speech
Houses olfactory receptors
Filter, heat, and moisten air
Increase mucosal area
Enhance air turbulence
Three regions
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
Air passageway (only air) posterior to nasal cavity
passageway for food and air from level of soft palate to epiglottis
Passageway for food and air
extends from 3rd to 6th cervical vertebra and attaches to hyoid bone
extends from larynx into mediastinum, where it divides into two main bronchi
Conducting zone structures give rise to respiratory zone structures
Right lung: separated into superior, middle, and inferior lobes
Alveoli
Left lung: separated into superior and inferior lobes by oblique fissure
Alveolar walls
Alveolar sacs
Alveolar ducts
Action of the diaphragm
base
Both processes are subject to: Basic properties of gases & Composition of alveolar gas
Internal respiration: diffusion of gases between blood and tissues
External respiration: diffusion of gases between blood and lungs
supply body with O2for cellular respiration
dispose of CO2, a waste product of cellular respiration
Inspiration: gases flow into lungs
Expiration: gases exit lungs
Boyle’s law: relationship between pressure and volume of a gas
Respiratory Volumes
Respiratory Capacities
P1V1 = P2V2
Mechanical process that depends on volume changes in thoracic cavity
Pulmonary Ventilation
Residual volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Functional residual capacity
Total lung capacity
Vital capacity
Inspiratory capacity