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Respiratory System by Adrian Leandro - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System by Adrian Leandro
Major Functions
supply body with O2for cellular respiration and
dispose of CO2
Olfaction and speech
Circulatory system: exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic blood vessels and tissues
Upper Respiratory Structures/Functions
Nose
Provides an airway for respiration
Moistens and warms entering air
Filters and cleans inspired air
resonating chamber for speech
Paranasal sinuses
Lighten skull
Secrete mucus
Help to warm and moisten air
Pharynx
Connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus
Nasal Cavity
Ciliated cells sweep contaminated mucus posteriorly towards throat
Nasal vestibule
Lined with vibrissae (hairs) that filter coarse particles from inspired air
Nasal Conchae
Filter, heat, and moisten air
Lower Respiratory Structures/Functions
Larynx
Provides patent airway, routes air and food into proper channels,voice production
Trachea
Windpipe
Bronchi
Air passageways of the lungs
Lungs
Allow O2 to enter body while getting rid of CO2
Diaphragm
Contracts and flattens during inspiration. During expiration, it returns to its original shape
Layers of Pleurae
Parietal pleura: membrane on thoracic wall, superior face of diaphragm, around heart, and between lungs
Visceral pleura: membrane on external lung surface
Compare/Contrast Inspiration & Expiration
Inspiration
Action of intercostal muscles: when external intercostals contract, rib cage is lifted up and out, much like when handle on a bucket is raised (outward as it moves upward)
Action of the diaphragm: when dome-shaped diaphragm contracts, it moves inferiorly and flattens out
Expiration
Quiet expiration normally is passive process
Inspiratory muscles relax, thoracic cavity volume decreases, and lungs recoil
Volume decrease causes intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul) to increase
Volume & Pressure Relationships
Atmospheric pressure
Pressure exerted by air surrounding the body
Intrapulmonary pressure
Pressure in alveoli
Transpulmonary pressure
Pressure that keeps lung spaces open
Intrapleural pressure
Pressure in pleural cavity, always a negative pressure, fluctuates with breathing
Boyle's Law is the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas. Volume changes and leads to pressure change and pressure change leads to flow of gasses to stabilize the pressure. The mathematical formula for Boyle's law is P1 V1=P2 V2.
Respiratory Volume/Capacity
Tidal volume
amount of air moved into and out of lung with each breath
Inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond
the tidal volume (2100–3200 ml
Residual volume
amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from
lungs (1000–1200 ml)
Expiratory reserve volume
amount of air that always remains in lung
Inspiratory capacity (IC): sum of TV + IRV (3100 mL)
Functional residual capacity (FRC): sum of RV + ERV (2400 mL)
Vital capacity (VC): sum of TV + IRV + ERV (4800 mL)
Total lung capacity (TLC): sum of all lung volumes (TV + IRV+ ERV + RV) (6000 mL)
Internal vs External Respiration
External Respiration
involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 across respiratory membranes
Internal Respiration
involves capillary gas exchange in body tissues
Respiratory Diseases
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
Tuberculosis
Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Lung Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in lungs
Seasonal Flu
A viral infection