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GENDER- COGNITIVE EXPLANATION - KOHLBERG'S THEORY, GENDER IDENTIFIY,…
GENDER- COGNITIVE EXPLANATION - KOHLBERG'S THEORY, GENDER IDENTIFIY, GENDER STABILITY + GENDER CONSTANCY
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Gender Identity
- 1st stage of Kohlberg's theory
- Occurs between 2-3 years old
- Children can label their own + others gender correctly based on external appearance e.g. clothes + hairstyles
- They do not understand that gender is fixed over time + situation e.g. a boy playing with dolls is recognised as a girl in this stage
- Or a two year old boy would be heard saying 'when i grow up i want to be a mummy'
- External appearance = e.g. she is a girl because she has long hair/ if a girl has short hair, she is thought of as a boy
Gender stability
- Second stage
- Occurs at ages 3 -4
- Children can understand that their own gender is fixed across time e.g. they understand that if they are a boy they will grow into a man, but do not understand that others genders are also fixed
- Rely heavily on external appearance + do not understand that others gender is fixed e.g. if their dad dresses up as a lady for fancy dress he would be recognised as a female
Gender constancy
- Final stage
- Occurs at ages 6+
- Children now understand that gender is fixed across all time and situation despite external appearance changes e.g. a female who has short hair and does a 'masculine' job is still female
- Now children know that gender stays the same over time/situation e.g. a boy is still a boy if he plays with dolls
- Children prefer same sex playmates + gender stereotyped activities and begin to seek out gender-appropriate role models to identify with/imitate
- They have developed a concept of gender and they embark upon an active search for evidence which confirms that concept