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Denise Urzua Period 5 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Denise Urzua Period 5 Respiratory System
Disorders of the respiratory system
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; more common in men; Causes: tobacco smoking and age, symptoms: chronic cough, shortness of breath and wheezing
Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils which can cause difficultly breathing
Lung cancer: Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells; Causes- smoking, second hand smoking, symptoms: chest pain, weight loss, fatigue
Pneumonia: Causes: Viral infection, bacterial infection and aspiration, symptoms: fever, shortness of breath, chills
Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection caused by myobacterium tuberculosis; symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia
Seasonal Flu: Viral infection with many different variations, Symptoms: dry cough, chills, fever
Volume and pressure in the thoracic cavity
Boyles Law: P1V1=P2V2, if the volume of the thoracic cavity increases the pressure of the lung decreases. If the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases the pressure of the lung increases.
Intrapulmonary pressure: Pressure in alveoli +4mmHg
Atmosphere pressure: pressure applied by air surrounding the body +760mmHg
Transpulmonary pressure: This pressure keeps your lungs open +4mmHg
Intrapleural pressure: Pressure in the pleural cavity-4mmHg
Upper respiratory structures and functions: Nose/nasal cavity: Passage for air; may warm and filter air, paranasal sinus: Moistens, filters and warms air, trachea: airway passage, moistens, warm, and filters air
Layers of the plurea
Visceral pleurae: lines lungs
Parterial plurea: line thoracic cavity
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration: air moving into lungs; The diaphragm moves superiorly when it contracts, the thoracic cavity volume decreases, interpulmonary volume decrease but interpulmonary pressure increases, then equalizes until the pressure is down to 0
Expiration: air moving out of lungs; The diaphragm relaxes causing it to move inferiorly, then the thoracic cavity volume increases, interpulmonary pressure decreases and the interpulmonary volume increases, and then pressure equalizes down to 0
Respiratory Volumes and capacities
Volumes
Expiratory reserve volume: amount of air forced out of lungs 1200mL(male) and 700mL(female)
Residual volume: amount of air that stays in lungs after each breath which is need for alveoli 1200mL(male) 1100(female)
Inspiratory reserve volume: amount of air forced out after normal breath 3100mL(male) 1900mL(female)
Tidal Volume: Air in and out of lungs with each breath 500mL(male and female)
Capacities:
Vital capacity: Tidal volume+ inspiratory reserve volume+ expiratory reserve volume 4800mL(male) 3100ml(female)
Function residual capacity: Expiratory reserve volume+ residual volume 2400mL(male) 1800mL(female)
Total lung capacity: Tidal volume+ Inspiratory volume+ Expiratory volume+ Residual volume 6000mL(male) 4200mL(female)
Inspiratory capacity: Tidal volume+ Inspiratory reserve volume 3600mL(male) 2400mL(female)
Major functions of the respiratory system: To provide O2 and remove CO2 from the body
Lower respiratory structures and functions: Larynx:Airway passage, bronchi and branches, trachea: airway passage, cleans, warms, and moistens, Diaphragm, Lungs
Internal vs external respiration
Internal respiration: diffusion between blood and tissue; exchanges gases between blood and tissue
External respiration: diffusion between lungs and blood; brings gases from outside the body into the lungs