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Daniella Mendez, Period 1, Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Daniella Mendez, Period 1, Respiratory System
Disorders Of The Respiratory System
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Causes
Asthmatic Bronchitis
Tobacco Smoke
Dust Exposure
Syptoms
Chronic Cough
Shortness of Breath
Wheezing
Treatment
Smoking Cessation
Medications
Bronchodilators
Tuberculosis
Treatment
Long term antibiotics
Surgery
Medication
Causes
Contagious, Inhaled
Weak immune system
Drug & Alcohol Abuse
Symptoms
Cough with thick mucus
Fever & Fatigue
Tachycardia
Pneumonia
Causes
Bacterial Infection
Viral Infection
Aspiration
Symptoms
Fever
Shortness of Breath
Chills
Treatment
Over the counter medicatio
Antibiotics
Oxygen Therapy
Lung Cancer
Causes
Smoking
Second Hand Smoke
Radon Gas
Treatments
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Surgical Removal
Symptoms
Chest Pain
Shortness of Breath
Blood in sputum
Seasonal Flu
Symptoms
Dry Cough
Fatigue
Congestion
Treatment
Early Vaccination
Over the counter medication
Antiviral Medication
Causes
Inhaled in respiratory droplets
Age
Occupation
Upper Respiratory Structures & Functions
Nose
Nostrils provide opening for entrance & exit of air
Nostrils contain coarse hairs, which prevent entry of particles
Nasal Cavity
Warms incoming air
Moisturize incoming air
Filter incoming air
Paranasal Sinuses
Reduce the weight of the skull
Serve as resonant chambers for the voice
Pharynx (Throat)
Aids in producing sounds for speech
Passageway for air & food from nasal & oral cavities
Layers Of The Pleurae
Visceral Pleura
Inner layer
Attached to the surface of each lung
Parietal Pleura
Outer layer
Lines thoracic cavity
Volume & Pressure Relationships In Thoracic Cavity
An increase in volume causes a decrease in pressure
Decrease in volume occurs by relaxation of muscles during inspiration
Decrease in volume cause an increase in pressure in the thoracic cavity
Respiratory Volumes & Capacities
Volumes
Tidal Volume
Air that leave or enters the lungs during 1 respiratory cycle ~ 500mL
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume during forced inspiration ~ 3,000 mL
Expiratory Reserve Voulme
Air that can be exhaled during maximal forced expiration beyond the tidal volume ~ 1,200 mL
Residual Volume
Air that remains in lungs after a maximal expiration ~ 1,200 mL
Cannot be measured with a spirometer
Capacities
Inspiratory Capacity
Volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal resting expiration
IRV + TV (~3,500 mL)
Functional Residual Capacity
Volume of air that remains in lungs after a resting expiration
ERV + RV (~4,6000 mL)
Vital Capacity
Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration
TV + IRV + ERV (~4,600 mL)
Total Lung Capacity
Total volume of air the lungs can hold
Varies in age, gender, body size
VC + RV (~5,800 mL)
Major Functions of Respiratory System
Removes particles from incoming air
Regulates Temperature
Regulates water content of air
Provides vocal sounds
Regulates blood pH
Helps in sense of smell
Obtains oxygen from the atmosphere
Removes carbon dioxide from the body cells
The Mechanism Of Inspiration & Expiration
Inspiration
Air moves from higher to lower pressure
Muscles expand thoracic cavity for normal inspiration
Diaphragm contracts & moves downward, enlarging the thoracic cavity
External intercostals contract to move ribs & sternum upward & outward
Muscles contract
Expiration
Diaphragm & external intercostal muscles relax & lungs recoil
Decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
As diaphragm recoils the diaphragm is pushed upward
Internal vs. External Respiration
Internal Respiration
Oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells and blood vessels
Gas exchange in tissue
External Respiration
Exchange of air with external environment
Gas exchange in alveoli
Lower Respiratory Structures & Functions
Larynx
Helps keep particles from entering the trachea
Transports air in & out of the trachea
Trachea
Traps incoming particles
passage to transport air to lungs
Bronchial Tree
Distribute air to lungs
Lungs
Contains air passages
Contains alveoli
Contains nerves
Contains blood vessels
Contains lympathic vessels
Contains connective tissue