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Democracy and Dictatorship - Coggle Diagram
Democracy and Dictatorship
1) Key Issues
Broader International issues
New borders, volatility of the international economy
Revolutionary movements
Soviet Model
Comintern
Fears of Communism
Traditionalist forces hostile to democracy
Wiemar Germany
Fascism
Italy
Robert Paxton's 5 stages of Fascism
1) Emergence of new ways of looking at the world. 2) Rooted. £) Arrival in power. 4) Exercise of power. 5) Dual power
Demise of Democracy
Dismantled from within
Coups
Case A: Italy
Liberal Italy
WW1 Italy was initially neutral and joined Allies in 1915
Gabriele d'Anninzio vs Bentio Mussolini
Gabriele d’Annunzio (1863-1938)
Bentio Mussolini (1883-1945)
Well known author
Nationalist views
Occupation of Fiume (1919-1920)
Declares himself Duce of the ‘Italian Regency of Carnaro’, but ousted in December 1920
Earlier stances: socialist, republican and anti-clerical
First meeting of the fascio italiano di combattimento in Milan, March 1919
Political shifts: anti-socialist, authoritarian, changing relationship with Roman Catholic Church
Mussolini's path to power
Growth of agrarian fascism
Fear of Communism
Mussolini appointed Prime Minister in October 1922
Case B: Germany
Challenged at the beginning
Post-war settlement
Economic turmoil
Political Parties
Social Democratic Party
National liberal German People's Party
NSDAP
Formed in 1920s: Ultra-nationalist; anti-semantic; leadership cult around Hitler
Hitler appointed chancellor in Janurary 1923
Case C: Spain
Neutral during WW!
Dictatorship under General Miguel Primo de Rivera
Francoist dictatorship from 1939-1975
Violent purges
Franco