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Investment tools, . - Coggle Diagram

- - - - dividendes
        
        are accumulated
        
        are paid before anything paid to equity shareholders
    - - if company does not pay dividend in current year, claim of preference shareholder is lost to that extent
    - - maturity date on which date the company will repay the capital amount to the preference shareholders
    - - additional benefit of participating in profits :champagne:
    - - can be converted into an ordinary equity share
        
        at some agreed terms
        
        at some agreed conditions
    - - no voting rights :warning:
        
        liquidation preference :star:
  - - - Opportunity to make money on the price difference
        
        Part in the company
  - - - Fluctuation in market price
        
        Possible bankruptcy of the issuing company
        
        Too many issuers (too hard to make a choice)
  - - - Cyclicity
      - Processability
      - Field of activity
    - - Assessment of dividend stability
        
        DSI
        
        indicator of stability of dividend payments
        
        Payout
        
        share of profit that the company directs to dividends
      - Market capitalization
        
        Market cap
        
        capitalization of the company, this is the cost of one share multiplied by their number on the stock exchange.
      - Valuation of the company
        
        P/E
        
        ratio of the share price to the company's net profit per share
        
        P/B
        
        ratio of the company's value to its balance sheet
      - Financial health
        
        Debt/ Eq
        
        the ratio of borrowed funds to equity
        
        Quick ratio
        
        term liquidity ratio
      - Company efficiency
        
        Net profit margin
        
        net profitability, the ratio of net profit to revenue
        
        ROE
        
        return on equity
- - - - Single-industry-focused ETFs limit diversification
        
        Lack of liquidity hinders transactions
  - - - Low expense ratios and fewer broker commissions
        
        Risk management through diversification
        
        ETFs exist that focus on targeted industries
  - - - Passive ETFs aim to replicate the performance of a broader index—either a diversified index. Actively managed ETFs typically do not target an index of securities.
    - - Bond ETFs are used to provide regular income to investors. Their income distribution depends on the performance of underlying bonds.
    - - Stock (equity) ETFs comprise a basket of stocks to track a single industry or sector.
    - - Industry or sector ETFs are funds that focus on a specific sector or industry.
    - - Commodity ETFs invest in commodities, including crude oil or gold.
    - - Currency ETFs are pooled investment vehicles that track the performance of currency pairs, consisting of domestic and foreign currencies
    - - Inverse ETFs attempt to earn gains from stock declines by shorting stocks.
    - - A leveraged ETF seeks to return some multiples on the return of the underlying investments.
  - - - Research ETFs
        
        Consider a Trading Strategy
        
        Online Brokers vs. Traditional Brokers
- - - - hard
      - soft
    - - payment price
      - bills and cheques
      - bonds, stocks etc.
      - investments
    - - international
      - key
      - reserve
      - dominating
    - - freely convertible
      - partially convertible
      - non-convertible
      - blocked
- - - - Short-term
      - Medium-term
      - Long-term
    - - State
      - Regional and municipal
      - Corporate
    - - Coupon
      - Discount
      - Variable coupon
    - - Ruble
      - Currency