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Archaeology: Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Archaeology: Genetics
Chromosomes
Contain an organism's genetic information.
Homologous Chromosomes
Chromosome pairs that contain the same genes.
Haploid
Single set of chromosomes in a person's cells.
Thread - like structures, contained in nucleus
Diploid
Two sets of chromosomes
Non - random mating
Close proximity.
Sexual selection.
Non - random mating on either species' gender.
Positive assortative mating.
Negative assortative mating.
Inbreeding.
Allele variablity factors:
Non - random mating
Mating with people with similar genotypes.
Migration / Gene Flow
Genetic exchange between populations.
Random Genetic Drift
Greater proportions of specific gene expressions = changed.
Random gene pool changes.
Natural Selection
Survival due to phenotype differences.
Homozygous v.s. Heterozygous
Homozygous Dominant: 2 dominant alleles.
Heterozygous: 1 dominant & 1 recessive.
Homozygous Recessive: 2 recessive alleles.
Alleles
Different gene versions.
Specific protein instructions.
Good evolution definition
Change in allele frequency.
Genetic variablity sources
Allele frequency changes.
New allele combinations.
New allele formations.
Gregor Mendel
Father of modern genetics
Mendel's Principles
Segregation (Offspring inherit 1 discrete factor).
Dominance & Recessiveness (Some expressions = dominant).
Independent Assortment (Intergenerational independent units).
Gene pool
Different genes & alleles in a population's DNA.
Migration / Gene Flow
Gene exchange between populations.
Cell Replication
Meiosis
Sex cell replication.
Mitosis
Somatic cell replication.
Founder Effect
Genetic drift from genetic bottlenecks.
Genetic bottlenecks
Drastic population decrease.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Genetic information carrier.
Nucleotides
Building block molecule of DNA
3 Components:
Nitrogenous Bases.
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Colmplex organic molecules
Component of nucleotides
A sugar molecule.
A phosphate group.
Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Single - celled organisms.
Genetic material = not separated by a nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cells
Organisms with nucleic cells
Nucleus
Cellular structure containing chromosomes.
Cytoplasm
Fluid within cell that is outside the cell's nucleus.
Population
An interbreeding group of organisms.
Phenotype
Physical expression.
Population
Interbreeding organisms
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Protein & lipid synthesis, processing, & transport.
Genotype
Genetic makeup.