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09 Respiratory System- Giselle Zepeda p.2 - Coggle Diagram
09 Respiratory System- Giselle Zepeda p.2
Lower respiratory structures
Larynx: Air passageway/ prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract
Trachea(Windpipe): Main airway to the lungs
Diaphragm: Forms the floor of the thoracic cavity which provides the muscle for breathing
Lungs: Responsible for gas exchange between the air we breathe and our bodies
Alveoli: Where external respiration takes place
Bronchi: Passageways that bring air in and out of the lungs
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal: oxygen and CO2 are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels.
External: involves both bringing air into the lungs and releasing air to the atmosphere
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Intrapulmonary pressure: Ppul Pressure in alveoli, fluctuates w breathing
Transpulmonary Pressure: (Ppul −Pip), keeps lung space open/keeps lungs from collapsing
Atmospheric pressure: pressure exerted by air around the body, Patm
Intrapleural pressure: Fluctuates with breathing, always neg pressure (<Patm and <Ppul)
Major functions of respiratory system
Supply body w O2 for cellular respiration & dispose of CO2
Also functions in olfaction & speech
Cells die from oxygen starvation if this system fails
the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Similarities: Both occur during our breathing through nostrils, Oxygen and CO2 are present in both cases in different volumes
Differences: One moves air into lungs, one moves it out, Oxygen is taken into lungs, removes CO2 from lungs, inispired air is a oxygen nitrogen mix, expired air is a CO2 nitrogen mix
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Volumes
Inspiratory reserve volume: Am of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal tidal volume inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume: Am of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal TV expiration
Tidal Volume: Amount of air inhaled or exhaled w each breath under resting conditions
Residual Volume: Am of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration
Capacities
Functional residual capacity: Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal TV expiraton
Inspiratory Capacity: Max am of air that can be inspired after a normal TV expiration
Vital Capacity: Max am of air that can be expired after a max inspiratory effort
Total Lung Capacity: Max am of air contained in lungs after a max inspiratory effort
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia: Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Lung Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in the lungs
Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis
Seasonal Flu: A viral infection, many variations of this virus, changes every yr
COPD: Chronic obstruction; pulmonary disorder, includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Upper respiratory structures
Nasal Cavity & Nose: Provide airways for respiration
Pharynx: It conducts air between the larynx and trachea and the nasal and the oral cavities.
Paranasal Sinuses: Surrounds the nasal cavities. Mucosae lines it to help warm and humidify the air we inhale.
Layers of the pleurae
Parietal Pleura: Membrane on thoracic wall, around the heart & between lungs
Visceral Pleura: Membrane on external lung surface