Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

What are the effects of chemicals in foods and drinks on cellular…

- - - - Justification: As anaerobic doesn't occur in the presence and aid of oxygen, anaerobic glycolysis releases carbon dioxide and produces 2 ATP molecules which is significantly less energy than aerobic respiration. With this, anaerobic respiration occurs more frequently too aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration is often found in the metabolic process of fementation [K. McLaughlin, 2020]. To experiment anaerobic respiration would be limited as there is a smaller range of elements/factors to measure and determine the rate of anaerobic respiration.
    - - Justification: Energy is vital to the cell to fuel performing and initiating basic cellular processes which occur for the survival of the cell. When processes of energy production, predominantly aerobic respiration, is effected, this effect can reciprocate onto all of the cells within a tissue, and the entire organism can be effected. Specific to the lack of oxygen, this reduces the rate of aerobic respiration and energy production and the accumulation of C02 builds, and cells/tissues begin to die due to the lack of oxygen [Byjus, 2022]. To measure the rate of aerobic respiration would be more extensive as this is impacted by several factors: oxygen, glucose, pre-existing ATP and more.
- - - - Complete Blood Count (CBC)
        
        Justification: A common blood test which checks over all levels within the blood (white and red blood cells, platelets, haemoglobin and hematocrits levels). When a doctor finds any level too low or high, further tests are taken to observe whether the value lies outside of the ideal range.
      - Ferritin Test
        
        Justification: Ferritin is a protein which stores and maintains iron levels in the cell and this is measured through a simple blood test, can be identified through the CBC test. For men, the ideal ferritin level is 24-336 μg, and for women its 11-307 μg [MayoClinic, 2023]. For both genders, levels below can indicate deficit conditions such as anemia, and exceeding levels can indicate obesity stored in adipose tissues.
      - Hemoglobin Levels
        
        Justification: Blood retrieved from a blood test is mixed with reagents (potassium ferricyanide and potassium cyanide in Drabkin's solution), which dye the blood allowing the heme concentration to be seen [CD. Karakochuck et al, 2019]. This is a test taken for further investigation when levels of iron are dramatically low, (it can provide a clear diagnosis).
  - - - Justification: Caffeine levels within the blood have been tested before through spectrophotometry (measures chemicals in a solution), 13 gas-liquid chromatography (used to seperate organic compounds), 14 high-performance liquid chromatography (Indentification of unknown substances) and 15 and radioim- munoassay (typically used to measure antigens, and used to measure substance concentrations [S. Pearson et al, 1984]. Though there are methods to test caffeine, they aren't easily accessible and logical to conduct as caffeine levels are not a part of basic tests e.g CBC.
  - - - Justification: Blood Glucose Levels (BGLs) are tested quite regularly as these levels can be used to identify and diagnose several chronic conditions in the body correlated with glucose such as diabetes, hyper/hypoglycaemic, cardiovasuclar diseases and obesity. Most commonly a blood test is taken after fasting, to see the body's normal BGL (this usually indicates insulin production/secretion). For further examination, and subjective to certain patients, and oral blood test is taken, where a concentration tablet is consumed and the body's response to this is recorded and analysed. This is often used to differentiate T1D and T2D, and identify pre-diabetes [HealthDirect, 2022].
- - - - Justification: Humans can be made understood of the experiment and asked for full consent after full debrief of the research wished to be conducted. However, other animals cannot be taken through this same process of debriefing and consent to the experiment, which would breach the ethical principles of research conduct.
    - - Justification: Plants aren't as easy to source and experiment on as human sources are, as it may not sustainbale to the plant species to conduct an experiment on with multiple trials.