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Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System
Disorders of the respiratory system
Tuberculosis
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, Chest pain, Fever/Fatigue
Caueses: Weaken immune system, Congestion, Drug/Alcohol
Treatment :Surgery Medication long term Antibiotics
Bacterial Infection the Respiratory system
Pneumnoia
Symptoms: Fever, Chills, Chest pain
Causes: Viral infection, Aspiration, Bacterial infection
Treatment: Antibiotics, Oxygen therapy, Over the counter medication
Bacterial or viral infection of the Lungs
COPD
Symptoms: Chronic cough, Heart Disease, Lung damage
Causes: Asthmatic bronchitis
Treatments: Medication, Antibiotics, Lung transplant
A chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
Lung Cancer
Symptoms: Chest pain, Fatigue, Weight loss
Caueses: Smoking, Air pollution, Genetics
Treatment: Radiation, Targeted Therapy ,Surgical therapy
Uncontrolled cell growth in lungs
Seasonal Flu
Symptoms: Dry cough, Fever, Chills
Causes: Age, Occupations, Living conditions
Treatment: Early vaccination, Over the counter medication, Rest/Hydration
A viral infection with many variations
Upper respiratory structures / functions
Sinuses
Warm and humidify air
Nasal cavity
Moistens air, filters out air
Pharynx
Carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth
Nose
Allows air to come into the body
Lower respiratory structures / functions
Larynx
Protects the lungs from food and drinks
Bronchial tree
Connects the trachea to the Lungs
Lungs
Brings in fresh air and gets rid of gas waste. Supply's blood with oxygen
Windpipe (trachea)
Leads air from nasal cavities to the lungs
Major functions
Brings oxygen into the body
Supplies it to blood vessels
Expels CO2 out of the body
Blood vessels supply C02 in exchange.
Helps conduct sound for speech
Depending on how much force air rushes through the larynx causing vibrations.
Allows us to have the sense of smell
Air travels through the nasal cavity allowing us to smell our surroundings
Layers of the pleurae: Thin layers of tissue that protect and cushion the lungs
Outer layer (parietal pleura)
Lines the inside of the chest wall
Inner layer (visceral pleura)
Goes around the lungs tightly so it can't be peeled off
Pleural space
Thin space between the layers
Mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Expiration
internal intercostals muscles are contracted
rib cage moves downward and inward
he external intercostals muscles are relaxed
The diaphragm relaxes
A passive process
The size of the thoracic cavity decreases
The expulsion of the air out of the lungs
Inspiration
External intercostals muscles are contracted
Internal intercostals muscles are relaxed
An active process
Diaphragm contracts and flattens
Size of the thoracic cavity increases
Rib cage moves forward and outward
The intake of the air into the lungs
Similarities
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are present in both
Main parts of the respiration process
Relationships in thoracic cavity
Pressure
Volume
Internal vs. external respiration
External: Inhaling oxygen from the air into the lungs and expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs to the air
Internal: Diffusing oxygen from the blood
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Capacities
Vital Capacity
The total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation
Function Residual Capacity
The amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal exhalation
Inspiratory capacity
The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following a resting state
Total Lung Capacity
The maximum volume of air the lungs can accommodate or sum of all volume compartments or volume of air in lungs after maximum inspiration
Volumes
Expiratory Reserve Volume
The volume of air that can be exhaled forcibly after exhalation of normal tidal volume
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal tidal volume
Residual Volume
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation
Tidal Volume
The amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled during one respiratory cycle