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Respiratory System Elena Martinez P.3 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Elena Martinez P.3
Major functions of the respiratory system
The major functions of the respiratory system are allowing oxygen to come in to your body, allowing you to breath witch keeps you alive and allow us to do inhalations and exhalation.
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Structures in the Upper Respiratory System -Nose, Nasal Cavity, Sinuses, and Pharynx
Functions of the Structures
Nose- Nostrils provide openings for entrance and exit of air,Supported by bone and cartilage, Nostrils contain coarse hairs, which prevent entry of particles
Nasal Cavity- Hollow space posterior to the nose, Divided medially by nasal septum, consisting of bone & cartilage, Nasal conchae are scroll-shaped bones that divide the nasal cavity into
passageways
Sinuses- Air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones, Sinuses open into the nasal cavity,Lined with mucous membrane that is continuous with that lining the nasal
cavity
Pharynx (throat)- Space behind oral and nasal cavities and larynx, Common passageway for air and food from nasal & oral cavities,3 subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Structures in the Lower Respiratory System-Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial Tree, and lungs
Larynx- An enlargement in the airway superior to the trachea and
inferior to the laryngopharynx,Houses the vocal cords,Helps keep particles from entering the trachea
Trachea (Windpipe)- Cylindrical tube that extends downward anterior to the
esophagus and into the thoracic cavity, Splits into right and left primary bronchi
Bronchial Tree- Consists of branched, mucous membrane-lined tubular,leading from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs of the lungs called alveoli
Lungs- Soft, spongy, cone-shaped organs of the respiratory system,Separated medially by the mediastinum, and enclosed by the
diaphragm and thoracic cage
Layers of the pleurae
A double-layered serous membrane ,Visceral pleura: inner layer; attached to the surface of each lung,Parietal pleura: outer layer; lines the thoracic cavity ,Serous fluid lubricates the pleural cavity between the 2 layers
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
inspiration
Air moves from higher to lower pressure, Atmospheric pressure: pressure exerted by the air on all
objects in contact with it; force that moves air into the lungs,
Expiration
Results from the passive process of elastic recoil of the muscles and lung
tissues, and from the surface tension within the alveoli,The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax and the lungs recoil,
decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Soft, cone-shaped organs that occupy a
large portion of the thoracic cavity
Contain air passages, alveoli, blood vessels,
connective tissues, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Pressure relationships
increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity causes air pressure
inside the lungs to decrease (an inverse relationship)
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Spirometry: study of various air volumes that move into and out of the lungs
due to different degrees of effort,One inspiration followed by expiration is called a respiratory cycle
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal Respeiration
gas exchange between the blood and body cells
External Respiration
he gas exchange between lungs and blood
Disorders of the respiratory system
Some Respiratory system disorders are Asthma, Lung Cancer, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also known as COPD