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respiratory system Ruth Hernandez YangPeriod3 - Coggle Diagram
respiratory system Ruth Hernandez YangPeriod3
respiratory diseases :
Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pneumonia:Bacteria or viral infection of the lungs
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder:includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma
Lung cancer:uncontrolled cell growth/development of tumors in the lungs
Upper and Lower structure and functions
Upper Structure: Nose, Nasal Cavity,Sinuses and pharynx
Lower structure:Larynx, Bronchial tree and lungs
functions:The organs of the respiratory tract can be divided into two tracts Upper and Lower Respiratory tract
Major functions:
Respiration:Process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells
Ventilation or breathing:The movement of air into and out of the lungs
Gas Transport:In blood between the lungs and body cells
External respiration: the gas exchange between the lungs and blood
Internal Respiration: Gas exchange between the blood and body cells
Cellular Respiration:Oxygen use by the cells, and production of carbon dioxide
Mucous Membrane:of the bronchial tree filter,warm and humidify incoming air
Trachea: windpipe splits right and left primary bronchi cylindrical tube that extends downward anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity
diaphragm,esophagus,thoracic cavity alveoli conchea,
external-outside the body
The right Lung is bigger than the left side because of the position of the heart
right lung; superior lobe.middle lobe,inferior lobe
left lung; superior lobe and inferior lobe
right lung; superior lobe,middle lobe,inferior lobe
pharynx; protects vocal cords Larynx; houses vocal cordds
Muscles
Muscles of inhalation: Principal; External intercostales Interchondral parts of internal intercostals also elevates ribs
Diaphragm dome descends thus increasing vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity aso elevates lower ribs
muscle of inhalation:Accessory; Sternocleidomastoid Elevates sternum Scalenes group elevates upper ribs not shown: Pectoralis min
Muscles of expiration: Quiet breathing; Expiration results from passive elastic recoil of the lungs, rib cage and diaphragm
Muscles of expiration: Active Breathing; External intercostal expect interchondral part pulls ribs down
abdominals pulls ribs down compresses abdominal contents thus pushing diaphragm up
not shown quadratus lumborum pulls ribs down
non respiratory: coughing hiccups laughing yawning
Lung transplant must be done in less than 6 hrs, the time of the extraction of the lungs and taking out damaged lungs must be in less than 6 hours, healthy lungs are pinkish with big and expand fully into the thoracic cavity, in the video the doctor did this in 10 hrs
layers of pleurae
pleural space:space between visceral and parietal pleura
visceral pleura: : Inner layer,surrounds lungs
parietal pleura: outer layers lines chest wall
respiratory volumes
tidal volume(TV) volume of air that leaves and enters the lungs during a cycle usually average within -500 ML
Inspiratory reserve volume(RV) volume of air that's inhaled additional to the tidal volume during inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume(ERV) volume of air that's exhaled during maximal forced expiration which is beyond tidal volume
residual volume (RV) air that ends in the lungs after expiration
you never want your lungs without air, they'll always have air regardless in a way
pressure relationships
atmospheric pressure;moves air into the lungs
1 mmHg Higher; causes air to go out of the lungs
air moves from higher pressure to lower pressure