Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Elizabeth Maciel Respiratory System Period. 3 - Coggle Diagram
Elizabeth Maciel Respiratory System Period. 3
Major functions of the respiratory system
External respiration,
the gas exchange between lungs and blood
Gas transport
in blood between the lungs and body cells
Ventilation or breathing
,
the movement of air into and out of the
lungs
Internal respiration
: gas exchange between the blood and body cells
Cellular respiration
: oxygen use by the cells, and production of carbon dioxide
Mucous membrane
s of bronchial tree filter, warm, and humidify incoming air
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nasal Cavity
Conchae support mucous membranes, and increase the surface area to warm, moisturize, and filter incoming air
Sinuses
Air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
Nose
Nostrils provide openings for entrance and exit of air
Pharynx (Throat)
Common passageway for air and food from nasal & oral cavities
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Vital capacity
(VC) is maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration; TV + IRV + ERV (~4,600ml)
Total lung capacity
(TLC) is total volume of air the lungs can hold; VC + RV (~5,800 mL); varies with age, gender, body size
Functional residual capacity
(FRC) is volume of air that remains in lungs after a resting expiration; ERV + RV (~2,300 mL)
Anatomic dead space
is the volume of air remaining in the bronchial tree, that is not involved in gas exchange
Inspiratory capacity
(IC) is volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal, resting expiration; IRV + TV (~3,500ml)
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Ventilation
(breathing): movement of air from outside the body into the bronchial tree and alveoli, and back out
Inspiration
(Inhalation) Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity causes air pressure inside the lungs to decrease
Maximal inspiration
(a deep breath): requires contraction of several other muscles (pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid scalenes), to enlarge the thoracic cavity even more
Expiration
(exhalation) The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax and the lungs recoil, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity As a result, air rushes out of the lungs into the atmosphere
Forced expiration
Allows for expiration of more air than normal
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Trachea
Goblet cells product mucus, that traps incoming particles
Bronchial tree
Consists of branched, mucous membrane-lined tubular airways, leading from the trachea to air sacs of the lungs called alveloi
Larynx
Houses the vocal cords, Transports air in and out of the trachea
Lungs
A primary bronchus and large blood vessels enter each lung on the medial surface
Layers of the pleurae
Visceral pleura
The inner layer wraps around the lungs and is stuck so tightly to the lungs
Parietal pleura
The outer layer lines the inside of the chest wall.
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Pressure decreases the volume inside the cavity
Volume increases inside the thoracic cavity
Internal vs. external respiration
External respiration
moves gases from outside of the body into the lungs, and then the blood, also known as breathing.
Internal respiration
is the gas exchange between the blood and the tissues. Air moves from higher to lower pressure
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia
Bacteria or viral infection of the lungs
1.76 million child deaths occurred in 2008
Lung Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth/ Tumors in the lungs
The east cost had the most cases in the US due to air pollution
Tuberculosis
Bacterial Infection in respiratory system
Russia has the highest cases of 22%
Seasonal Flu
A viral infection
359 cases were reported in the San Diego County in 2009
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
Highest age group suffers is 86 in male