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Respiratory System Jazlynn Banuelos P.3 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Jazlynn Banuelos P.3
Major Functions of Respiratory System
Other Functions
removes particles from incoming air,
regulates temperature and water content of the air,
provides vocal sounds
regulates blood pH
helps in sense of smell
Major Functions
Obtains oxygen from the atmosphere, and removes carbon dioxide from the body cells
filter, warm, and moisturize incoming air & transport it into the gas exchange areas µscopic air sacs that exchange gases
Upper Respiratory
Nose
Structure
Supported by nose cartilage, contain nose hairs
Function
provide opening for entrance and exit of air, prevent entry of particles
Location
Center of face
Nasal Cavity
Structure
Divided medially by nasal septum consisting of bone & cartilage
Function
support mucous membranes, increase the surface area to
warm, moisturize, and filter incoming air
Location
Hollow space posterior to the nose
Sinuses
Funtion
reduce weight of the skull, serve as resonant chambers for the voice
Structure
Lined with mucous membrane,
Location
Air-filled spaces in maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones
Pharynx
Location
Space behind oral and nasal cavities and larynx
Structure
Divided into 3 divisions, nasopharynx, oropharynx, & laryngopharynx
Function
Passageway for food and air, aids in producing sounds for speech,
Layers of the Pleura
Visceral
inner layer; attached to the surface of each lung
Parietal
outer layer; lines the thoracic cavity
Lower Respiratory
Larynx
Location
An enlargement in the airway superior to the trachea and
inferior to the laryngopharynx
Structure
Composed of a framework of muscles and cartilage bound by
elastic tissue
Function
Transports air in and out of the trachea, keep particles from entering the trachea
Trachea
Location
Cylindrical tube that extends downward anterior to the
esophagus and into the thoracic cavity
Structure
Inner wall is lined with ciliated mucous membrane with many
goblet cells, supported by 20 incomplete (C-shaped) cartilaginous
rings
Function
Goblet cells product mucus, that traps incoming particles, Cilia sweep mucus toward pharynx, where it is swallowed
Bronchial Tree
Structure
Primary bronchi
first branches of the bronchial tree, branch
directly off the trachea; each leads to a lung
Secondary Bronchi
branches of the main bronchi, each enters
a lobe of a lung
Tertiary Bronchi
branches of the lobar bronchi; each enters a
segment of a lung
Branchioles
Terminal bronchioles
branches off larger bronchioles
smallest bronchioles that conduct air, without performing gas exchange
Respiratory bronchioles
branch off terminal bronchioles
contain alveoli, so can perform gas exchange
Alveolar ducts
branch off respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar sacs
branch off alveolar ducts; consist of air sacs called
alveoli
Alveoli
conducts rapid gas exchange between the air and blood w/ the
associated capillaries
Location
leading from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs of the
lungs
Lungs
Location
Soft, cone-shaped organs that occupy a large portion of the thoracic cavity
Structure
Separated medially by the mediastinum & enclosed by the
diaphragm and thoracic cage
Function
contains air passages, alveoli, nerves, blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels, and connective tissues
Volume and Pressure Relationships
Volume increases, then pressure decreases & vice versa
When volume halved, pressure is doubled and vice versa
Volumes and Capacities
Respiratory Volumes
Tidal volume (TV)
volume of air that enters or leaves the lungs during one
respiratory cycle;
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume, during forced inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
volume of air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration, beyond the tidal volume;
Residual volume (RV)
volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration;
Respiratory Capacities
Vital capacity (VC)
maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration; TV + IRV + ERV
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
volume of air that remains in lungs after a resting expiration; ERV + RV (~2,300 mL)
Total lung capacity (TLC)
total volume of air the lungs can hold; VC + RV (~5,800 mL
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal, resting expiration; IRV + TV (~3,500ml)
Internal & External Respiration
Internal
gas exchange between the blood and body cells
occurs in tissues
External
the gas exchange between lungs and blood
gas exchange w/ external environment
Alveoli of the lungs
Disorders
COPD
Description
Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disorder includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema & asthma
Cause
Asthmatic bronchitis, tobacco smoke, dust exposure
Tuberculosis
Description
Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by myobacterium tuberculosis
Cause
weakened immune system, drug & alcohol abuse
Pneumonia
Description
Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Cause
Aspiration, bacterial infection, viral infection
Lung Cancer
Description
Uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in the lungs
Cause
Genetics, radon gas and smoking
Seasonal Flu
Description
A viral infection; there are many variations of this virus & it changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity of symptoms
Cause
Age, living conditions, chronic ilness
Compare & Contrast Mechanism of Inspiration & Expiration
Comparison
Occur in the lungs
Take oxygen into the body while removing CO2 out of the body
Two phases of the process of breathing
Contrast
Diaphragm contracts and moves downward, enlarging the
thoracic cavity during Inspiration
Inspiration allows air flow to into lungs while expiration involves gases leaving the lungs
Inspiration muscles relax forcing gases to flow out during expiration
Diaphragm moves up by relaxing, becoming dome shapes during expiration