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Respiratory system Natalie Esquivel Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory system Natalie Esquivel Period 2
Major functions - obtains oxygen from the atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide it also consists of tubes that filter, warm and moisturize incoming air, and transports it into the gas exchange areas, microscopic air sacs exchange gases.
upper structure and functions = nose, nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx
nose = nostrils provide openings for entrance & exit of air, supported by bone & cartilage, Nosttrils contain coarse hairs, prevent entry of particles
nasal cavity = hollow space posterior of the nose, divided medially by nasal septum
pharynx (throat) = space behind oral & nasal cavities & larynx, comon passageway for air & food from nasal & oral cavaties, aids in producing sounds for speech
larynx = enlargement in the airway superior to the trachea & inferior to the laryngopharynx, transports air in &and out of the trachea, helps keep particles from trachea, houses the vocal cords, frame work of muscles & cartilage bound by elastic tissue
lower structure & functions = trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
trachea (windpipe) = cylandrical tube that extends downward anterior to the esophagus * into the the thoracic cavity
primary bronchi = directly off the trachea, each leads to lungs
secondary bronchi = each enters a lobe of a lung
teritiary bronchi = enters a segment of a lung
layers of pleura
pleura = double - layered serous membrane
visceral pleura = inner layer, attached to the surface of each lung
parietal pleura = outer layer, lines thoracic cavity
During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract allowing air to enter the lungs. During expiration, the inspiration muscles relax forcing gases to flow out of the lungs.
during inhalation, volume increases as a result of contraction of the diaphragm, and pressure decreases
increased surface tension in the aveoli decreases the volume
volumes
tidal volume = air that entrs or leaves the lungs during one respiratory cycle (500mL)
inspiratory reserve volume = air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume, during forced inspiration (3000mL)
expiratory reserve volume = air that remains in the lungs after a maximal forced expiration, beyond the tidal volume (1200mL)
residual volume = air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration (1200mL)
capacities
inspiratory capacity = air that can be inhaled after a normal, resting expiration, IRV + TV (3000mL)
functional residual capacity = air that reminds in lungs after resting expiration, ERV + RV (2300mL)
vital capacity = maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration, TV + IRV + ERV (4600mL)
total lung capacity = total volume of air the lungs can hold, VC + RV (5800mL)
anatomic dead space = the volume of air remaining in bronchial tree, that is not involved in gas exchange
respiratory diseases
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder & includes chronic bronchitis emphysema & asthma
Tuberculosis = bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium
Pneumonia = bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Lung Cancer = uncontrolled cell growth & developement of tumours in the lung
Seasonal flu = A viral infection & there are many variations of this virus & it changes rapidly year to year which changes