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Jesus Carranza Period 2 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Jesus Carranza Period 2 Respiratory System
Major functions of the respiratory system
supply body with O2 for cellular respiration and dispose of CO2; olfaction, supply
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Larynx (Air passageway, voice production)
Trachea (Air passageway, cleans, warms air
Bronchi and branches (Air passageway connecting trachea with alveoli)
Lungs and alveoli (House respitaroy passsages smaller, main sites of gas exchnage)
Diaphragm (Tightens/flattens, suck in air)
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Boyle’s law: relationship between pressure and volume of a gas (P1V1 = P2V2)
Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract
Expiration occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax
Respiratory volumes
Tidal volume (TV): amount of air moved into and out of lung with each breath (500)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume (2100–3200)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs (1000–1200)
Residual volume (RV): amount of air that always remains in lungs
Respiratory capacities
Inspiratory capacity (IC): sum of TV + IRV
Functional residual capacity (FRC): sum of RV + ERV
Vital capacity (VC): sum of TV + IRV + ERV
Total lung capacity (TLC): sum of all lung volumes
(TV + IRV+ ERV + RV)
Internal vs. external respiration
External:involves both bringing in air and releasing air into the atmosphere
Internal: oxygen and CO2 are exchange between the cells and blood vessels
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose and nasal cavity (Produces mucus, fitters, warms and moistens air)
Paranasal sinuses (Lighten Skull, warm, moisten, filter air)
Pharynx (Passageway for air and food)
Disorders of the respiratory system
COPD: Chronic obstruction; pulmonary disorder, includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis
Pneumonia: Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Lung Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in the lungs
Seasonal Flu: A viral infection, many variations of this virus, changes every yr
Layers of the pleurae
thin, double-layered serosal membrane
Visceral pleura: membrane on external lung surface
Parietal pleura: membrane on thoracic wall, superior face of diaphragm, around heart, and between lungs
Pleural fluid fills slitlike pleural cavity between two pleurae
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Atmospheric pressure (Patm): exerted by air surrounding the body (760)
Intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul): Pressure in alveoli (760)
Transpulmonary pressure: Pressure that keeps lung spaces open (4)
Intrapleural pressure (Pip): Pressure in pleural cavity (-4)