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Evie Ramos Per 2 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Evie Ramos
Per 2
Respiratory System
Major functions of the respiratory system
Obtains oxygen from the atmosphere, and removes carbon dioxide from the body cells
tubes that filter, warm, and moisturize incoming air, and transport it into the gas exchange areas, and microscopic air sacs that exchange gases
Removes particles from incoming air, regulates temperature and water content of the air, provides vocal sounds, regulates blood pH, and helps in sense of smell
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Structures include; nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx
Nose: openings for air, bone/cartilage, nostril hairs to trap particles
Nasal Cavity: hollow space, nasal conchae divides into passageways, increase area to warm, moisturize, and filter air
Paranasal sinuses: Air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones, opens into the nasal cavity, reduce the weight of the skull
Pharynx: passageway for air and food from nasal & oral cavities, space behind oral, nasal cavities, larynx
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Structures include; larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
Larynx: in the airway, moves air in and out of the trachea, houses the vocal cords, adams apple, framework of muscles and cartilage with elastic tissue
Trachea: Cylindrical tube, splits into right/left primary bronchi, inner wall has ciliated mucous membrane that traps particles with the goblet cells, cilia sweep mucus toward pharynx, where it is swallowed
Bronchial Tree: branched, mucous membrane-lined tubular airways, leading from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs of the lungs, called alveoli
Primary bronchi: first branches of the bronchial tree; branch
directly off the trachea; each leads to a lung
Secondary bronchi: branches of the main bronchi; each enters
a lobe of a lung
Tertiary bronchi: branches of the lobar bronchi; each enters a
segment of a lung
Bronchioles: smaller tubular organs that branch off the
segmental bronchi
Terminal bronchioles: branches off larger bronchioles; smallest
bronchioles that conduct air, without performing gas exchange
Respiratory bronchioles: branch off terminal bronchioles; contain
alveoli, so can perform gas exchange
Alveolar ducts: branch off respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar sacs: branch off alveolar ducts; consist of air sacs called
alveoli
Lungs: Soft, spongy, cone-shaped organs, separated in the middle by the mediastinum, and by the diaphragm and thoracic cage, primary bronchus and large blood vessels enter each lung on the top
Layers of the pleurae
Doubled layered
Parietal pleura: outer layer; lines the thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura: inner layer; attached to the surface of each lung
Serous fluid lubricates the pleural cavity between the 2 layers
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration:
When pressure inside the lungs decreases below atmospheric pressure, air flows in from the atmosphere
Expiration
Relaxation of the diaphragm and elastic recoil of tissue decreases the thoracic volume and increases the intra-alveolar pressure and expiration pushes air out of the lungs.
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
The pressure inside the lungs decreases below atmospheric pressure air flows in from the atmosphere
Diaphragm contracts and moves downward, enlarging the
thoracic cavity
Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity causing air pressure inside the lungs to decrease (inverse relationship)
External intercostals contract to move ribs and sternum upward and outward
Muscle contraction results in pressure in the lungs falling to 2 below atmospheric pressure air to rushes into the lungs
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Tidal volume: Volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during a respiratory cycle
Inspiratory reserve volume: Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a resting inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume: Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled at the end of a resting expiration
Residual volume: Volume of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal expiration
Vital capacity: Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest breath possible
Inspiratory capacity: Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of resting tidal volume
Functional residual capacity: Volume of air that remains in the lungs following exhalation of resting tidal volume
Internal vs. external respiration
External: gas exchange between lungs and blood
Internal: gas exchange between the blood and body cells
Disorders of the respiratory system
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disoder includes chronic bronchitas, emhysema and asthma
Tuberculosis
Bacterial inffection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Bacterial or viral infection of lungs
Lung cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in the lungs
Seasonal flu
Viral infection many variations of this virus it changes rapidly year to year which changes symptoms