Hellenistic culture
Astronomy
Philosophy
Hellenistic Culture and Alexandria
Mathematics
Physics
Greek philosophy emphasized reason and inquiry.
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were influential Greek philosophers.
Hellenistic philosophy focused on personal happiness and inner contentment.
Hellenistic culture: blend of Greek, Persian, and Egyptian influences
Alexandria: center of trade and learning, famous Library and Museum
Hellenistic philosophy: focused on individual happiness, reason, and inner contentment
Greek philosophers and scientists laid the foundation for physics: believed in natural explanations for phenomena.
Hellenistic scholars in Alexandria made major contributions to physics: Eratosthenes calculated Earth's circumference, Archimedes developed laws of mechanics and buoyancy.
Islamic scholars preserved and built on Greek knowledge: Alhazen developed theory of vision, Avicenna wrote about motion and mechanics.
Ancient civilizations made important contributions to mathematics: Egyptians used math for surveying and geometry, Babylonians developed a system of mathematical notation.
Greek mathematicians made significant advancements: Euclid's Elements established a system of geometry, Pythagoras developed the theorem about right triangles.
Hellenistic and Islamic mathematicians further developed math: Archimedes calculated pi, Al-Khwarizmi invented algebra, and Omar Khayyam solved cubic equations.
Ancient civilizations developed basic astronomy for practical purposes: to track time and seasons, and to navigate.
Greek astronomers made significant advancements: Aristarchus proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system, Hipparchus cataloged stars and discovered precession.
Hellenistic and Islamic astronomers further developed astronomy: Ptolemy developed a geocentric model of the solar system, Al-Battani improved measurements of celestial bodies, and Al-Tusi developed a model of planetary motion.