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Alexia Avalos Period: 1 The Respiratory System - Coggle…
Alexia Avalos
Period: 1
The Respiratory System
Internal v.s External Respiration
Internal Respiration
is gas exchange between blood and body cells
External Respiration
is the gas exchange between lungs and blood
Upper Respiratory Structures and Functions
Consist of the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx
The nose provides openings for entrance and exit of air and have coarse hairs, prevent entry of particles
The nasal cavity support mucous membranes and increases surface area to warm, moisture, and filter incoming air
The sinuses reduce weight of the skull
The pharynx is the common passageway for air and food from nasal and oral cavities
Lower Respiratory Structures and Functions
Consist of the Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
The trachea splits in right and left primary bronchi
The larynx produces sound
The bronchial tree are branched, mucous membrane-lined tubular airways,
The lungs are soft, spongy, and cone shaped.
Compare and Contrast the Mechanism of Inspiration and Expiration
Inspiration
Air moves from higher to lower pressure
Atmospheric Pressure
is pressure that is exerted by air on all objects in contact with it and force moves air in lungs
When pressure inside the lungs decreases below atmospheric pressure, air flows in atmospheric; occurs inspiration
Muscles expand thoracic cavity for normal inhale
Diaphragm contract and move down, enlarging thoracic cavity
Muscle contraction leads to pressure in lungs falling to 2 mm below atmospheric pressure; cause air to rush into the lungs
Expiration
Passive process of elastic recoil of muscles and lung tissues and surface tension in alveoli
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax and lungs recoil; decreases volume of thoracic
Abdominal organs spring back to original shape; push diaphragm upward
Volume and Pressure relationships in the Thoracic Cavity
Increase volume of the thoracic cavity cause air pressure in lungs decrease
Diaphragm contract and move down, enlarging thoracic cavity
Intra-alveolar pressure increase about 1 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
Obtains oxygen from atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide from body cells
Makes up of tubes that filter, warm, moisturize incoming air, and transport it into has exchange areas, and microscope air sacs that exchange gas
Removes particles from incoming air, regulates tempt and H2o content of air, provide vocal sounds, regulate blood pH, help sense of smell
Layers of the Pleura
Pleura
are doubled layered serous membrane
Visceral Pleura
is the inner layer and is attached to the surface of each lung
Parietal Pleura
is the outer layer and lines the thoracic cavity
The
Serous Fluid
lubricates the pleura cavity between 2 layers
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
Tidal Volume
: 500 mL and volume of move in and out of lungs during respiratory cycle
Inspiratory Reserve Volume:
3,000 mL and max volume of air that can be inhaled at end of resting inspiration
Expiatory Reserve Volume:
1,100 and max volume of air that exhaled at end of resting expiration
Residual Volume:
1,200 mL volume of air remains in lungs even after maximal expiration
Vital Capacity
: 4,600 mL and maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after taking deepest breathe possible
Inspiratory Capacity:
3,500 and max volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of resting tidal volume
Functional Residual Capacity
: 2,300 mL and volume of air that remain in lungs following exhalation of resting tidal volume
Total Lung Capacity:
5,800 and total volume of air that lungs can hold
Disorders of the Respiratory System
COPD
Description
: Black Lungs, rotting, orange
Causes
: Asthmatic bronchitis, age, Genetics
Symptoms
: Chronic cough, wheezing, and tight chest
Treatments
: Oxygen therapy, lung reduction, and lung transplant
Tuberculosis
:
Description
: Rotting, super red, black
Causes
: Contagious, inhaled, weakened immune system, drugs, alcohol
Symptoms:
Chest pain, tachycardia, shortness of breath
Treatments
: Surgery, medication, long-term antibiotics
Pneumonia:
Description:
Much blood, bad lungs, x-ray
Causes
: Aspiration, bacterial infection, viral infection
Symptoms
: Fever, chills, diarrhea
Treatments
: Oxygen Therapy, Antibiotics, Over the counter medication
Lung Cancer
Description
: Red, Dark, so much blood
Causes
: Second hand smoke, genetics, air pollution
Symptoms
: Chest Pain, fatigue, weight loss
Treatments
: Radiation, Chemotherapy, surgical removal
Seasonal Flu
Description:
Bacteria, Cough, Weakness
Causes
: Age, occupation, pregnancy
Symptoms
: Dry cough, fatigue, congestion
Treatments:
Early vaccination, rest and hydration, and antiviral medication