Respiratory System Gavin Arias Per.1

Upper Respiratory System Structures and Functions

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Major Functions and Structures of the Respiratory System

Volume and Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

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Lower Respiratory Structures and Functions

Inspiration Vs Expiration

Internal Vs External Respiration

Layers of the Pleurae

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Inspiration(inhalation)-diaphragm contracts and moves downward, enlarging the thoracic cavity; external intercostals contract to move the sternum upward and outward; muscle contraction results in pressure in lungs falling to 2mm below atmospheric pressure; air rushes into the lungs; surface tension between the 2 layers of pleura make the lungs expand

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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

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External-the gas exchange between the lungs and blood

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Disorders of the Respiratory System

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Gas Transport-in blood between the lungs and body cells

Internal Respiration-gas exchange between the blood and body cells

Ventilation/Breathing-the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Cellular Respiration-oxygen use by the cells, and production of carbon dioxide

External Respiration-the gas exchange between lungs and blood

Mucous Membranes- of bronchial tree filter; warm and humidify incoming air

Lower Respiratory Tract-larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs

Upper Respiratory Tract-nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx

Expiration(exhalation)-diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax and the lungs recoil; as the diaphragm recoils, abdominal organs spring back into original shape, pushing the diaphragm upward; and the lungs recoil, the pleura and chest wall are pulled inward; increased surface tension in the alveoli decreases their volume; air pushes out of the lungs into the atmosphere

Residual Volume(RV)-volume of air that remains in lungs after a maximal expiration; average is ~1,200mL

Inspiratory Capacity(IC)-volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal, resting expiration; IRV+TV(~3,500 mL)

Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV)-volume of air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration, beyond the tidal volume; average is ~1,200 mL

Functional Residual Capacity(FRC)-volume of air that remains in lungs after a resting expiration; ERV+RV(~2,300 mL)

Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV)-volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume, during forced inspiration; average is ~3,000 mL

Vital Capacity(VC)-max volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiraton;TV+IRV+ERV(~4,600 mL)

Tidal Volume(TV)-volume of air that enters or leaves the lungs during one respiratory cycle; average is ~500 mL

Total Lung Capacity(TLC)-total volume of air the lungs can hold; VC+RV(`5,800 mL)

Internal-the gas exchange between the blood and body cells

As the air is pushed out of the lungs, the thoracic cavity, lungs, and diaphragm contract

Inspiration=Inflation

As the atmospheric pressure rushes into the lungs, the thoracic cavity, lungs, and diaphragm are enlarged

Expiration=Contraction

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Pleural Cavity-

Visceral Pleura-

Parietal Pleura-