Respiratory System Gavin Arias Per.1
Upper Respiratory System Structures and Functions
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Major Functions and Structures of the Respiratory System
Volume and Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
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Lower Respiratory Structures and Functions
Inspiration Vs Expiration
Internal Vs External Respiration
Layers of the Pleurae
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Inspiration(inhalation)-diaphragm contracts and moves downward, enlarging the thoracic cavity; external intercostals contract to move the sternum upward and outward; muscle contraction results in pressure in lungs falling to 2mm below atmospheric pressure; air rushes into the lungs; surface tension between the 2 layers of pleura make the lungs expand
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
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External-the gas exchange between the lungs and blood
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Disorders of the Respiratory System
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Gas Transport-in blood between the lungs and body cells
Internal Respiration-gas exchange between the blood and body cells
Ventilation/Breathing-the movement of air into and out of the lungs
Cellular Respiration-oxygen use by the cells, and production of carbon dioxide
External Respiration-the gas exchange between lungs and blood
Mucous Membranes- of bronchial tree filter; warm and humidify incoming air
Lower Respiratory Tract-larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs
Upper Respiratory Tract-nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx
Expiration(exhalation)-diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax and the lungs recoil; as the diaphragm recoils, abdominal organs spring back into original shape, pushing the diaphragm upward; and the lungs recoil, the pleura and chest wall are pulled inward; increased surface tension in the alveoli decreases their volume; air pushes out of the lungs into the atmosphere
Residual Volume(RV)-volume of air that remains in lungs after a maximal expiration; average is ~1,200mL
Inspiratory Capacity(IC)-volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal, resting expiration; IRV+TV(~3,500 mL)
Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV)-volume of air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration, beyond the tidal volume; average is ~1,200 mL
Functional Residual Capacity(FRC)-volume of air that remains in lungs after a resting expiration; ERV+RV(~2,300 mL)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV)-volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume, during forced inspiration; average is ~3,000 mL
Vital Capacity(VC)-max volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiraton;TV+IRV+ERV(~4,600 mL)
Tidal Volume(TV)-volume of air that enters or leaves the lungs during one respiratory cycle; average is ~500 mL
Total Lung Capacity(TLC)-total volume of air the lungs can hold; VC+RV(`5,800 mL)
Internal-the gas exchange between the blood and body cells
As the air is pushed out of the lungs, the thoracic cavity, lungs, and diaphragm contract
Inspiration=Inflation
As the atmospheric pressure rushes into the lungs, the thoracic cavity, lungs, and diaphragm are enlarged
Expiration=Contraction
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Pleural Cavity-
Visceral Pleura-
Parietal Pleura-