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Daniel Urbina Per.1 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Daniel Urbina Per.1 Respiratory System
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
Obtains oxygen from the atmosphere, and removes carbon dioxide from the body cells
Consists of tubes that filter, warm, and moisturize incoming air, and transport it into the gas exchange areas, and microscopic air sacs that exchange gases
Other functions of the respiratory system: removes particles from incoming air, regulates temperature and water content of the air, provides vocal sounds, regulates blood pH, and helps in sense of smell
Layers of the Pleurae
A double-layered serous membrane
Visceral pleura:
inner layer; attached to surface of each lung
Parietal pleura:
outer layer; lines the thoracic cavity
Serous fluid
lubricates the
pleural cavity
between the 2 layers
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity and expiration
Lung volume expands because the diaphram contracts and the intercostals muscles contract, thus expanding the thoracic cavity. This increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity lowers pressure compared to the atmosphere
Internal vs. external respiration
External respiration
, involves both bringing air into the lungs and releasing air to the atmosphere
Internal respiration
, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia
Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Lung Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in the lungs
Tuberculosis
Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Mycobarteium ruberculosis
Seasonal Flu
A viral infection; There are many variations of this virus and it changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity of symptoms
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Upper Respiratory Structures and Functions
Nose
Nostrils provide openings for entrance and exit of air
Supported by bone and cartilage
Nostrils contain coarse hairs, which prevent entry of particles
Nasal Cavity
Hollow space posterior to the nose
divided medially by
nasal septum,
consisting of bone and cartilage
Nasal conchae
are scroll-shaped bones that divide the nasal cavity into passageways
Conchae support mucous membranes, and increase the surface area to warm, moisturize, and filter incoming air
Particles trapped in the mucus are carried to the pharynx by action of
cillia,
swallowed, and carried to the stomach, where gastric juice destroys microorganisms in the mucus
Sinuses
Air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
Sinuses open into the nasal cavity
Lined with mucous membrane that is continuous with that lining the nasal cavity
Reduce the weight of the skull
Serve as resonant chambers for the voice
Pharynx
Space behind oral and nasal cavities and larynx
Common passageway for air and food from nasal & oral cavities
Aids in producing sounds for speech
3 subdivision: nasopharynx, orophaynx, and larynopharynx
Compare and Contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration occurs when the diaphram and the external intercostal muscles contract. Expiration occurs when the diaphram and the intercostal muscles relax.
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
1,100 mL
Residual Volume (RV)
1,200 mL
Inspiratory resrve volume (IRV)
3,000 mL
Vital Capacity (VC)
4,600 mL
Tidal Volume (TV)
500mL
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
3,500 mL
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
2,300 mL
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
5,800 mL
Lower Respiratory Structures and Functions
Larynx
An enlargement in the airway superior to the trachea and inferior to the laryngopharynx
Transports air in and out of trachea
Helps keep particles from enterinng the trachea
Houses the
vocal cords
Composed of framework of muscles and cartilage bound by elastic tissue
Trachea
Cylindrical tube that extends downward anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity
Splits into right and left primary bronchi
Inner wall is lined with
ciliated mucous membrane
with many
goblet cells
Goblet cells produce mucus, that traps incoming particles
Cilia sweep mucus toward pharynx, where is it swallowed
Wall is supported by 20 incomplete
(C-shaped) cartilaginous rings
that keep the airway open
Bronchial tree
Conducts air from trachea to alveoli; mucous lining continues to filter incoming air
Lungs
Contains air passages, alveoli, blood vessels, connective tissues, lymphatic vessels, and nerves