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09 Resp concept map Jocelyn Villa p.1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Gas transport: in blood between body and cells
        
        Internal respiration: Gas exchange between blood and body cells
        
        Cellular respiration: oxygen use by cells and production of carbon dioxide
        
        Mucous membranes: of bronchial tree filter, warm and humidify incoming air
- - - - Nasal cavity:
        hollow space posterior to nose
        -divided medially by nasal septum, consisting of bone and cartilage.
        -Nasal conchae are scroll shaped bones that divide the nasal cavity into passageways
        conchae support mucous membranes and increase surface area to warm, moisturize, and filter incoming air
        particles trapped in mucus are Carried to pharynx by action of cilia, swallowed, and carried to the stomach
        
        Para nasal cavities:
        Air filled spaces in maxillary front ethmoid and sphenoid bones.
        Open into the nasal cavity
        Reduce the weight of the skull
        Serve as chambers for The voice
        
        Pharynx AKA throat:
        Space behind nasal cav and larynx
        common passageway for air and food from nasal and oral cavities.
        Aids in producing sounds for speech.
        
        3 subdivisions: Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
- - - - Glottis: true vocal cords opening between them, during breathing vocal cords control pitch of sound
        
        Trachea AKA windpipe:
        Cylandrical tube that extends downwards anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity.
        Splits into right and left bronchi.
        inner wall is lined with ciliated mucous membrane with many goblet cells.
        Goblet cells produce mucous that traps incoming particles.
        Cilia sweep mucus toward pharynx where its swallowed-wall supported by 20 cartilaginous rings.
        
        Bronchial Tree:
        cons of branched mucus membrane-lined tubular airways, leading from trachea to microscopic air sacs of lungs called alveoli
        Prim bronchi- branches of main bronchi, branch directly off trachea, each leads to a lung.
        Sec bronchi- branches off main bronchi;each enters a lobe of a lung
        -tertiary bronchi- branches of Lobar bronchi; each enters a segment of a lung
        
        Lungs:
        soft spongy cone shaped organs.
        Sep medially by mediastinum and enclosed by diaphragm and thoracic cage.
        -occupy most of thoracic cavity.
        A primary bronchus and large blood vessels enter each lung on the medial surface.
        Pleura: Double layered serous membrane
        Visceral pleura: Inner layer, surface of each lung.
        Parietal pleura: Outer layer; lines thoracic cavity
        Serous fluid lubricates pleural cavity between the 2 layers
        R lung larger than L
        Right lung has 3 lobes:
        Superior, middle, and inferior
        Left lung 2 lobes:
        superior and inferior
        secondary bronchus supplies each of 5 lobes of lungs
        each lung has air passages alveoli, nerves,blood vessels, lymphatic and connective tissues.
- - - - Expiratory reserve volume (ERV):
        volume of air can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration, beyond tidal volume; avg 1,200ml
        
        Residual volume (RV):
        Volume of air that remains in lungs after a maximal expiration; avg abt 1,200ml; can’t be measured with a spirometer.
        
        Respiratory capacities:
        combination of 2 + resp volumes
        
        Inspiratory capacity (ic):
        volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration; TV+IRV+ERV (abt 4,600ml)
        
        Total lung capacity (TLC):
        total volume of air lungs can hold; VC+RV(abt5,800mL); varies w/ age, gender, body, size
- - - - Pneumonia: bacterial infection of lungs
        Cause: bacterial infection, viral infection, aspiration
        symptoms: feve, short breath, chills
        treatment: overcounter meds, antibiotics, oxygen therapy
        
        Lung cancer: uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in lungs
        cause: smoking, 2nd hand exposure, genetics
        symptoms:chest pain, short breath, blood in sputum
        treatment: radiation, chemo, surgery
        
        Seasona flu: variations, changes year to year along with severity
        causes:droplets, age, occupations
        symptoms: dry cough, fatigue, congestion.