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Hellenistic Culture
Astronomy
- Alexandrias Museum contained a small conservatory where astronomers could study the planets and stars.
- Aristarchus of Samos reached 2 conclusions saying the sun was at least 300 times larger than the earth, or the the earth and other planets revolve around the sun.
- In the second century A.D. astronomers mistakenly believed that earth was at the center of the solar system after Ptolemy incorrectly placed it.
- Eratosthenes tried to calculate the earths size using geometry and he computed Earth’s circumference at between 28,000 and 29,000 miles.
Mathematics
- Eratosthenes and Aristarchus used a
geometry text compiled by Euclid
- His best-known book, Elements,
contained 465 carefully presented geometry propositions and proofs.
- His work is still the basis for courses in geometry
- Another important Hellenistic scientist, Archimedes accurately estimated the value of pi the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
Physics
- Archimedes created the Archimedes screw
- Archimedes explained the law of the lever
- Later, Hellenistic scientists inspired by Archimedes' work crested a forcer, pump, pneumatic machines, and a steam engine
Philosophy
- The teachings of Plato and Aristotle continued to be very influential in Hellenistic philosophy
- However n the third century BC philosophers became concerned with how people should live their lives and through those concerns 2 major philosophies were developed Stoicism and Epicureanism
- Stoics proposed that people should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of god or the natural laws that God established to run the universe.
- Epicurus taught that gods who had no interest in humans ruled the universe.
Hellenic Culture
Hellenistic culture is mainly Greek culture blended with Persian, Egyptian, and Indian inferences. Alexandria was a major city in the Greek world during the Hellenistic period. Alexandria was a center of commerce and learning. As a result of the city's significance, the rulers of Hellenistic Egypt constructed the Library of Alexandria in the city to store manuscripts from around the world. It also gave everyone a fresh and fair start with there new language Koine.
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