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09 Respiratory Concept map Daniel Sanchez p.2 - Coggle Diagram
09 Respiratory Concept map Daniel Sanchez p.2
Major functions of the respiratory system
gas exchange between blood and external environment
passageways to lungs, purify, warm and humidify the incoming air
upper respiratory structures and functions
SInuses
form ring around nasal cavities, lighten skull, secrete mucus, help to warm and moisten air
Nose
provides an airway for respiration, moistens and warms entering air, filters and cleans inspired air, serves as resonating chamber of speech and houses olfactory receptors
nasal cavity
found within & posterior to external nose divided by mid line
Pharynx
carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth
lower respiratory structures and functions
Bronchial tree
passageways that brings air in and out of the lungs
larynx ( voice box)
air passageways prevent food from entering lower respiratory tract
Trachea ( windpipe)
main airway to the lungs
Lungs
responsible for gas exchange between the air we breathe and our bodies
layers of the pleurae
Parietal pleura
membrane on thoracic wall, superior face of diaphragm ,a round heart, & between lungs
visceral pleura
membrane on external lungs surface
pleural cavity
between two pleura
pleura fluid
fills slit like,provides lube like and surface tension assists on expansion and recoil of lungs
compare & contrast the mechanism of inspiration & expiration
Inspiration:the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscle contracts
Expiration: when the diaphragm and the internal intercostal muscles relax
volume and pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Atmospheric pressure
pressure exerted by air surrounding the body; 760 mm hg at sea level=1 atmosphere
Intrapulmonary Pressure
pressure in alveoli; fluctuates w/ breathing
Trans-pulmonary Pressure
pressure that keeps lung spaces open; keeps lungs from collapsing
Intrapleural pressure
pressure in pleural cavity; fluctuates w/ breathing
internal vs. external respiration
Internal
occurs in the metabolizing tissues, where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells
External
occurs in the lung where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar air
disorders of the respiratory system
COPD
description: chronic obstruction pulmonary disorder includes chronic bronchitis and asthma
Causes or risk factors: asthmatic bronchitis, tobacco smoke, age, and genetics
symptoms: chronic cough, shortness of breath, light chest
Treatment Option: medication, antibiotics, and lung reduction
Tuberculosis
Description: bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Causes or risk factors: weakened immune system, drug and alcohol abuse, contagious
Symptoms: chest pain, fever and fatigue, tachycardia, weight loss & night sweats
Treatment Options: surgery, medication, long-term antibiotics
Pneumonia
description: bacteria; or viral infection of the lungs
Causes or risk factors:bacterial infection, viral infection, aspiration, and respiratory infections
Symptoms: fever, shortness of breath, chills, chest pain, and fatigue
Treatment Options: antibiotics, oxygen therapy, over counter medication
Lung Cancer
Description: uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Causes or risk factors: smoking, genetics, and air pollutions
Symptoms: chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath
Treatment Options: radiation and surgical removal
Seasonal flu
Description: a viral infection; there are many variations of this virus and it changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity of symptoms
Causes or risk factors: inhaled in respiratory, droplets, age, occupations, chronic illness, pregnancy, weakened immune system
Symptoms: dry cough, fatigue, congestion, body ache, chills, fever, and headache
Treatment Options: early vaccination, rest & hydration, antiviral medication
respiratory volumes and capacities
Capacities
Tidal Volumes: amount of air moved into & out of lung w/ each breath ; averages - 500 ml
Inspiratory reserve volume ( IRV): amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume ( 2100-3200 ml)
expiratory reserve volume ( ERV) : amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs ( 1000-1200 ml)
Residual volume ( RV) : amount of air that always remains in lungs
volumes
Inspiratory capacity (IC) : sum of TV + IRV
functional residual capacity (FRC) : sum of RV + ERV
Vital capacity (VC) : sum of TV + IRV + ERV
total lung capacity (TLC) : sum of all volumes ( TV + IRV + ERV + RV )