Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

My Heart Skipped A Beat, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…

- - - - High blood pressure
      - Obesity
      - Diabetes
      - Heart failure
      - Chronic kidney disease
      - Smoking
      - Advancing age
  - - - The lack of blood supply can cause dizzy spells or
        lightheadedness.
  - - - causes
        
        most cases (80%) of sudden cardiac death
  - - - Both occur when
        
        There are problems with the electrical signals
        
        electrical signals occur faster than normal
      - atria beat regularly, but faster than usual and more often than the ventricles, so you may have four atrial beats to every one ventricular beat
      - “sawtooth” pattern on an ECG
- - - - prolong
        
        the effective refractory period and action potential duration.
    - - act by
        
        slowing phase 4 depolarization in nodes causing depressed automaticity.
    - - prolong
        
        nodal conduction and effective refractory period.
    - - classified into
        
        3 groups according to their effect on action potential
      - Act on
        
        open or inactivated sodium channels
    - - Act by
        
        Decreasing the conduction velocity
- - - - impulse conduction
        
        Blocks along the conduction system
        
        Reentry
      - Impulse formation
        
        Automaticity
        
        Triggered activity
    - - Subventriclular
        
        Atrial
        
        Junctional
        
        Sinus
      - Ventricular
    - - Below 60 bpm
        
        Bradycardia
      - Above 100 bpm :
        
        Tachycardia
- - - - 1- Pale Thrombus
      - 2- Red Thrombus
      - 3- Mixed Thrombus (Lines of Zahn)
    - - Arterial Thrombosis
      - Venous Thrombosis: Deep Venous Thrombosis
  - - - an anticoagulant. It is used to decrease the clotting ability of the blood
      - worked by
        
        inactivating thrombin, heparin not only prevents fibrin formation but also inhibits thrombin-induced activation of platelets and of factors V and VIII.
    - - because
        
        Heparin is an injectable anticoagulant
        
        Warfarin is an oral drug
- - - - Ventricular arrhythmias
      - Heart failure
    - - Thromboembolism
        
        Aterial
        
        Cardiac
        
        Venous
    - - Hemodynamically unstable
        
        Electrocardioversion
        
        Electrical cardioversion
        
        High energy shock to reset normal rhythm
        
        Chemical cardioversion
        
        Medicines used to restore normal rhythm
      - Hemodynamically stable
        
        Rate control drugs
        
        Rhythm control drugs
        
        Stroke control drugs
    - - Every 12 months if patient is stable
      - every 6 months for patients at high risk
  - - - Lower cost of patient care
      - Improved outcome
      - Support to healthcare providers
    - - AI will become so sophisticated that it will work better than the human brain and aim to take control of humans lives
    - - Benefits include
        
        Early detection of physiological deterioration
        
        Strap monitor
        
        Patch monitors
- - - - sudden death
    - - Can be
        
        Rhythmic or out of rhythm
    - - Reentey -> myocardial irritability
      - Minor causes are
        
        Ischemia, MI, CAD, VHD
  - - - Causes are
        
        Congenital, Infection, degenerative
        & Vegetation
      - 2 types are
        
        Stenosis
        
        example
        
        mitral stenosis
        
        sings include
        
        tapping apex beat: a palpable first heart sound
        
        Regurgitation
  - - - Electrolyte deficiencies
      - Inflammation/Infection
    - - Syncope
- - - - through
        
        Then through Bundle branches
        
        Then purkinje fibres
        
        Then Bundle of His
        
        Ventricular contraction
        
        Signal goes to AV node (delay)
        
        Signal creation by SA node --> Pacemaker
  - - - phase 1
        
        Early Repolarization -- K+ efflux
      - phase 2
        
        Plateau -- Ca2+ influx
      - phase 0
        
        Rapid Depolarization -- Na+ influx
      - phase 3
        
        Rapid Repolarization -- Ca2+ channel closure + K+ efflux
      - phase 4
        
        Resting membrane potential
- - - - Living longer
        
        Have less cancer and heart problems.
        
        Mentally and physically healthier
  - - - Mid-life
        
        Late mid-life
        
        several challenges as well as it is the time when parents, mentors, and friends die.
        
        Make dramatic life adjustments such as quitting a job
      - Mostly will give up on the exciting dreams
  - - - Climacterium
        
        means
        
        the body and mental changes linked to the reproductive and endocrine function in men and women
  - - - divorce
  - - - The middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose.
    - - When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult
        may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure.