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Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions - Coggle Diagram
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
Power Distance
the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally
High Power Distance
dependent
Power-holders: privileges
Hierarchical pyramid organizational structure
Superiors are inaccessible
lower power
independent
Flat organizational structure
Superiors are accessible
Equal rights
difference in authority, power, influence between people in a society
Uncertainty Avoidance
Threat from ambiguous situations, tolerate uncertainty; creating beliefs and institutions to avoid these.
Low UAI
accept risks
less structured organizational activities
fewer written rules
more risk taking by managers
higher employee turnover
more ambitious employees
High UAI
high need for security
strong belief in experts and their knowledge
structured organizational activities
more written rules
less risk taking by managers
Individualism/
Collectivism
relationship between the individual and his or her fellows
Individualism
Individual
wealthier
protestant work ethic
greater individual initiative
promotions based on market value
Collectivism
Group consensus
less individual initiative
poorer
less support of Protestant work ethic
promotions based on seniority
Femininity/
Masculinity
relationship between gender and work roles
Masculinity: success, money, and things
competition
challenge
recognition
wealth
Advancement
high stress
tight control
Femininity: modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life.
cooperation
friendly atmosphere
employment security
low stress
warm interpersonal relationships
Long-Term
Orientation
fostering of virtues oriented
towards future rewards
Long-Term Orientation
future
perseverance
thrift
Short-Term Orientation
past
tradition
personal stability
Indulgence/
Restraint
gratifications’ perspective versus control of essential
human needs related to obtaining pleasure from life
Indulgence: allow free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun
Indulgence
Basic needs and behaviour
Cannot easily be motivated with material reward
Enjoys moment
Objects need to fulfil purpose not status
Restraint: conviction that such gratification needs to be curbed and regulated by strict social norms
Expects reward for job done well
Gratification suppressed and regulated
Easily feels treated unfair
Status objects important