Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pneumonia - Coggle Diagram
Pneumonia
By Population
Immunocompromised
Encapsulated bacteria
Pneumocystis jurovecii
Aspergillus fuigatis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccicoides immitis
Candida spp
CMV
S. aureus
Gram-
:baby::skin-tone-3:Newborns
E. coli
Strepto. agalactiae
Group B Streptococcus
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Children (4 wks - 18 years)
Chlamydia trachomatis
infants
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Young children + adolescents
S. pneumoniae
RSV
Mycoplasma
Young adults (18y - 40y)
Mycoplasma
Influenza virus
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae
Adults (40-65y)
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Mycoplasma
Anaerobes
Viruses
Elderly
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Gram -
Anaerobes
Influenza
Recurrent
Uncommon organisms
Risk factors
Old age
Chronic disease
Immunosuppression
Impaired airway protection
Environmental factors
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Specific medications
Chronic inflammatory disorders
Surgery
Pathogenesis
Failure of protective mechanisms
Infiltration of parenchyma by pathogen
Interstitial and alveolar inflammation
Impaired alveolar ventilation
Hypoxia due to increased alveolar-arterial gradient
Stages of lobar pneumonia
Congestion (day 1-2)
Red Hepatization (3-4)
Gray hepatization (5-7)
Resolution (8d - 4 wks)
Types by location
Lobar
S. pneumoniae :!!:
Less common:
Legionella
Klebsiella
H. influenzae
Bronchopneumonia
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
H. influenzae
Klebsiella
Interstitial
Atypical pathogens
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Chpamydophila psittaci
Legionella
Viruses
RSC
CMV
Influenza
Adeno
Coxiella burnetti
Cryptogenic organizing
Noninfectious :!!:
Chronic inflammatory conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis
Diagnosis
Inflammatory parameters
Pathogen detection
Blood
Complete blod count (CBC)
Urine
Sputum
Chest x-ray
Typical
Opacity in ONE lobe
Atypical
Diffuse, often subtle infiltrates
Tx/Management
Empiric antibiotic
Supportive measures
CURB 65
C
onfusion
Serum
U
rea
R
espiratory
R
ate >30
B
lood pressure
+65y old
Each finding = 1 point
Score 0= outpatient
Score 2+ = Hospitalization
Score 3+ = ICU level of care
Classified based on clinical features
Typical
Sudden onset
Malaise
fever
Productive cough
:ear::skin-tone-3:
Crackles
Bronchial breath sounds
Atypical
Gradual onset
Unproductive cough
Dyspnea
Extrapulmonary manifestations
:ear::skin-tone-3:
Unremarkable
Types by acquisition
Community acquired
Typical
S. pneumoniae
MOST COMMON :!!:
Particullarly in young adults
H. influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Staph. aureus
Atypical
Bacteria
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Common in children/adolescents
Chalmydophila pneumoniae
Chlamydophila psittaci
Legionella pneumophila
Legionellosis
Coxiella burnetii
Q fever
Frencisella tularensis
tularemia
Virus
Resp syncytial virus
RSV
Influenza/Parainfluenza
Cytomegalovirus
CMV
Adenovirus
Coronaviridae
Hospital-acquired
Gram-negative pathogens :!!:
P. aeruginosa
Enterobacteriaceae
Acinetobacter spp
Staphylococci
Strepto. pneumoniae
Respiratory infection
Inflammation of the alveolar space and/or the interstitial tissue of the lungs
Leading cause of death
in industralized caountries
Transmission via aspiration of airborne pathogens
Primarily bacteria, virus and fungi.