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Respiratory Concept Map Pedro Bustos P.3 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory Concept Map
Pedro Bustos P.3
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose:
Nostrils are entrance and exit of air
Contain hairs to prevent particles
Nasal cavity:
Posterior to nose
Divided medially by nasal septum, consist bone and cartilage
Nasal conchae R scroll-shaped bones that divide NC into passagways
Conchae suppor mucous memb, and increase surf area to warm, moistz, and filter incoming air
Particles trapped in mucus R carried to phraynx by action of cili, swallowed, and carried to stomach, gastric juices kills microorg in mucus
Sinuses:
Airfilled sacs in maxillary, frontal, ethnoid, and sphenoid bones
Sinuses open in NC
Lined w/ mucous memb that continous w' that lining the NC
Reduce lbs of skull
Resonant chmaber for voice
Pharynx:
Space bhind oral and nasal cavities and larynx
Common passageway for air and food from nasal and oral cavities
Aids in prod sounds for speech
3 sub divs; nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larygopharynx
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Trachea:
Windpipe
Cylindrical tube xtends down anterior to esophagus and into thoracic cavity
R n L primary bronchi
Inner wall lined w' ciliated mucous memb w' goblet cells
GC prod mucus, traps particles
Cilia sweep mucus to pharynx to be swallowed
Wall suppor by 20 incomp (C-shaped) cartilaginous rtings keep airway open
Bronchial tree:
Consists of branched, mucous memb-lined tubular airways, leading from trachea to micros air sacs of lungs, alveoli
Primary B: 1st branches of BT: branch directly off trachea; each lead to lung
Secondary B: branches of main bronchi; each enters a lobe of lung
Tertiary B: branches of lobar bronchi; each enters seg of lung
Larynx:
Enlarge in airway S to trachea and I to larygopharynx
Transp air i n o of trachea
Keeps particles away from trachea
Houses VC
Come of frame-w of musc and cartilage bound by elastic tissue
Thyroid cartilage (adams apple)
Lungs:
Soft, spongy, cone-shaped organs of respir system
Medially = mediastinum, enclsoed by diaphragm n thoracic cage
Occupy most thoracic cav
Prime bronchus n large BV enter each lung on medial surf
Major functions of the respiratory system
O is required by cells to break down nutri to release nrg n prod ATP;CO2 is prod of nutri breakdown, which excrete from body
Obtains O from the atmosphere, n removes carbon dioxide from the body cells
Consists of tubes that filter, warm, and moisturize ncoming air, and transport it into the gas exchange areas, and micros air sacs that xchange gasses
Other func of respir syst: removes particles from incoming air, reg temp n water content of air, provides voal sounds, regs blood pH, helps smell
Respiration: process of gas xchange tween atoms n cells
Layers of the pleurae
Visceral: inner layer; attch to surf of each lung
Parietal: outer layer; lines thoracic
Double layer serous memb
Serous fluid: lubes pleural cav tween 2 layers
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Comparisons
Aid in breathing
Both move diaphragm
Contrasts
Inspir when inhale, diaphragm contracts and moves down
Expir when exhale, diaphragm relaxes and moves up
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
When pressure inside lungs decreases below atmospheric pressure, air flows in from atmos; this occurs during inspir
Increasing vol of thoracic cavity causes air pressure inside lungs to decrease (an inverse relationship)
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Respiratory volumes:
Tidal (TV): vol of air that can be inhaled in + to tidal vol, during forced inspir;~3,000 mL
Inspiratory reserve (IRV): vol of air that enters or leaves lungs during 1 respir cycle; + Tv(~300,500ml)
Expiratory reserve (ERV): Vol of air that can be exhaled
Residual (RV): Vol of air remains in lungs after max expir; avg~1,200 mfL
Respiratory capacities:
Inspiratory (IC): vol of air that can be inhaled after a normal, resting expir; IRV+TV (~300,500mL)
Functional residual (FRC): Vol of air that remains in lungs after resting expir; ERV+RV(~2,300mL)
Vital (VC): max vol of air that can be exhaled after max inspir;TV+IRV+ERV(~4,600ML)
Total Lung (TLC): Vol of air lungs hold;VC+RV(~5,800mL);varies age, gender
Internal vs. external respiration
External:
External respiration, also known as breathing, involves both bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation).
Internal:
During internal respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels.
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia:
Symptoms: Fever
Causes & RF: Aspiration
Treatment: Impaired immune system
Lung Cancer:
Symptoms: Chest pain
Causes & RF: Smoking (90%)
Treatment: Chemo
Tuberculosis:
Symptoms: Weight loss
Causes & RF: Drug & alcohol abuse
Treatment: Surgery
Seasonal Flu:
Symptoms: Dry cough
Causes & RF: Age
Treatment: Over counter meds
COPD:
Chronic obstruction, pulmonary disorder, chronic bronchitis and asthma
Symptoms: Wheezing
Causes & RF: Tobacco smoke
Treatment: Lung reduction