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Respiratory System Monica Robles Period. 5 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System
Monica Robles
Period. 5
Lower respiratory
structures and functions
Larynx
: Voicebox - airway, route for food, voice production
Epiglottis
- function: closes larnygeal inlet to prevent food and liquid into the airways
Trachea
: carry oxygen to your lungs
3 layers
inner
- Mucosa
middle
- submucosa
outer
- adventitia
Lungs and Alveoli:
Lungs
: main function is to process the gas exchange called respiration
Alveoli
: exchanges the oxygen for carbon monoxide when breathing in and out
Bronchi and branches
: "windpipe"
has 23 branches
has 2 zones: conducting zone and respiratory zone
Respiratory Zone
begins with
terminal
bronchioles
feed into
respiratory
bronchiloes
lead into alveolar ducts
than into
alveolar sacs
- where the gas exchange occurs
Conducting Zone
trachea divides
right and left bronchi
-each main bronchus divides into
lobar
(secondary)bronchi
each Lobar bronchus divides into
tertiary
bronchus
branches
become smaller
and smaller
Bronchioles
: less than 1mm in diameter
Terminal Bronchioles
: SMALLEST- less than 0.5mm
Diaphram
: when breathing it alternates movements to help you inhale and exhale properly
Upper respiratory
structures and functions
Nose and Nasal Cavity
Paranasal Sines
Pharnyx
Paranasal Sinuses
ring around nasal cavities
Function
: secrete mucus- moistens
Pharnyx
funnel-shaped muscular tube that runs from base of skull to vertebra
Function
: carries air and food down from the mouth
-3 regions
1)
Nasopharnyx
- air passageway
2)
Oropharnyx
- passageway for air and food
3)
Laryngopharnyx
- passageway for air and food
Nose and Nasal Cavity
only external portion of the respiratory system
Function:
passageway
moistens and warms air
filters air
Internal vs. external
respiration
Internal Respiration
diffusion of gas between
blood and tissues
involves capillary gas exchange in body tissues
External Respiration
diffusion of gas between
blood and lungs
involves exchange of O2 and CO2 across respiratory membranes
Layers of
the pleurae
Visceral Pleurae
- external layer - covers the lungs
Pleural Fluid
- lubrication between the Pleurae, makes it smoother of inhalation and exhalation
Pleurae
- thin double layered serosal membrane that divides thoracic cavity into pleural compartments and mediastinum
Parietal Pleura
: membrane that removes and forms the Pleural fluid
Volume and Pressure relationships
in thoracic cavity
Intrapulmonary Pressure (
P pul
)
: pressure in alveoli
Transpulmonary Pressure (
Pul-Pip
)
: KEEPS LUNGS OPEN
Atmospheric Pressure (
P atm
)
: presser exerted by air surrounding the body
Intrapleural Pressure
: pressure in pleural cavity- ALWAYS NEGATIVE PRESSURE
Major Functions of
the Respiratory system
Function
: supply body with oxygen for cellular respiration and dispose of CO2, a waste product of cellular respiration
Respiratory volumes
and capacities
Respiratory Capacities
Inspiratory capacity
: Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Functional Residual Capacity
: Residual Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume
Vital Capacity
: Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume
Total lung collapse
: sum of all volumes
Respiratory Volumes
Tidal Volume
: normal breath
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
: amount of air that can be forced out beyond normal breath
Expiratory Reserve Volume
: breathing out
Residual Volume
: air that always remains in lungs- KEEPS LUNGS FROM COLLAPSE
Dead Space
Anatomical Dead Space
: does NOT contribute to gas exchange
Aveolar Dead Space
: space occupied by nonfunctional Alveoli
Total Dead Space
: sum of anatomical and alveolar dead space
Disorders of the
respiratory system
Pneumonia
an infection of the lungs that can cause mild to severe illness in people of all ages
Lung Cancer
uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Tuberculosis
a disease caused by germs that are spread from person to person through the air
Seasonal Flu
viral infection, variation of viruses can change year to year about symptoms
COPD
a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems
Compare and contrast
the mechanism of
inspiration and expiration
Inspiration
diaphram contracts
, moves
inferiorly
and
flattens
out = increase in thoracic volume
external intercostal muscles contract, rib cage is lifted up and out = increase thoracic volume
VOLUME INSIDE THE LUNGS INCREASE
air rushes in
Lungs
INFLATE
Expiration
diaphram relaxes
and becomes
domed shaped
= descrease thoracic volume
external intercostal muscles relax, pulls ribs downwards and inwards
VOLUME IN LUNGS DECREASE
air exits
Lungs
DEFLATE