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Respiratory System Emmalise Fischer P.1 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Emmalise Fischer P.1
Major functions of the respiratory system
-Obtains oxygen from atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide from body cells
-Consists of tubes that filter warm, and moisturize incoming air and transport in the gas exchange
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx
Secretes mucus and traps particles like pollen or smoke
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs
Bronchial tree carries air into lungs into smaller bronchioles which end up in alveoli
Layers of the pleurae
The pleura is a double layered serous membrane.
visceral pleura: inner layer; attacked to surface
Parietal pleura: Outer layer, lines thoracic cavity
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration
-Air moves from higher to lower pressure
-atmospheric pressure: exerted by air on objects
-increasing volume in thoracic cavity
Expiration
-Results from passive process of elastic recoil of muscle & lung tissue
-Decreasing volume of thoracic cavity diaphragm
muscle relax
-Increased surface tension
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Increasing volume of thoracic cavity causes air pressure inside lungs to decrease
Increased surface tension on alveolar decreases their volume
intra- alveolar pressure increases to 1mm Hg up in atmospheric pressure
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Capacities
combinations of 2 or more respiratory volumes
-Inspiratory capacity (IC) is volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal resting
-Functional residual capacity (FRC) is volume of air that remains in lungs
-Vital capacity (VC) is max volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration
volume
-tidal volume: Volume of air that enters or leaves lungs during one respiratory cycle
-Inspiratory reserve volume: volume or air that can be inhaled in addiction to tidal volume
-Expiratory reserve volume: volume of air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration
-Residual volume: Volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration
Internal vs. external respiration
External
Brings air into lungs
internal
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels
Disorders of the respiratory system
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder caused by asthmatic bronchitis, tobacco smoke, and dust exposure.
Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection in respiratory system by mycrobacterium caused by weak immune system; contagious
Pneumonia: Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs caused by bacterial infection, viral infection and aspiration
Lung Cancer: uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in lungs caused by smoking, radon gas, and genetics
Seasonal Flue: A viral infection that has variations and changes rapidly year to year. Caused by inhaled respiratory, droplets, with the risk of age