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Luis Madrigal Period 3 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Luis Madrigal Period 3 Respiratory System
Major functions
Bring oxygen into our bodies through inspiration or inhalation
Send carbon dioxide out through expiration or exhalation
It allows us to breathe
This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is called respiration
Lower respiratory
Lungs- allow oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also letting the body get rid of carbon dioxide in the air breathed out
Bronchi- distribute the air throughout the lungs until reaching the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs
Windpipe(Trachea)- carry oxygen-rich air to your lungs and carry carbon dioxide, a waste gas, out of your lungs
Alveoli- take up the oxygen you breathe in and keep your body going
Bronchioles- At the end of the bronchi, the bronchioles carry air to small sacs in your lungs called alveoli
Disorders
Pheumonia- Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Causes- Viral infection, Exposure, Impaired immune system
Symptoms- Fever, Nausea, Diarrhea
Treatment- Over the counter medication, Antibiotics, Oxygen therapy
Lung Cancer- Uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Causes- Smoking, Radon gas, Air pollution
Symptoms- Chest pain, Blood in sputum, weight loss
Treatment- Radiation, Chemotherapy, Surgical removal
Tuberculosis- Bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Symptoms- Weight loss, Night sweats, Chest pain
Treatment- Long-term antibiotics, Surgery, Medication
Causes- Drug/alcohol abuse, Contagious, Weakened immune system
Seasonal Flu- A viral infection; there are many variations and it changes rapidly year to year which changes severity of symptoms
Symptoms- Dry cough, Headache, Fever
Treatment- Early vaccination, Antiviral medication, Rest & hydration
Causes- Age, Living conditions, Pregnancy
COPD- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder; includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma.
Symptoms- Chronic cough, Wheezing, Tight chest
Treatment- Medications, Oxygen therapy, Lung reduction
Causes- Tobacco smoke, Air pollution, Age
Layers of the pleura
The inner layer (visceral pleura) wraps around the lungs and is stuck so tightly to the lungs that it cannot be peeled off
The outer layer (parietal pleura) lines the inside of the chest wall; covers the inside of the thorax, mediastinum, and diaphragm.
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal Respiration- During internal respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels.
External Respiration- External respiration, also known as breathing, involves both bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation).
Internal Respiration is what goes on inside the body, something that is not as familiar
External Respiration is what we know as breathing and what we understand more.
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Residual Volume
- Volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal expiration; average is 1,200mL,
Inspiratory Capacity
- Volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal, resting expiration; IRV+TV (~3,500mL)
Expiratory Reserve Volume
- Volume of air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration, beyond tidal volume; average is 1,200mL
Functional Residual Capacity
- Volume of air that remains in lungs after a resting expiration; ERV+RV (~2,300mL)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
- Volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to tidal volume, during forced inspiration; average is 3,000mL
Vital Capacity
- Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal expiration; TV+ERV+IRV (~4,600mL)
Tidal Volum
e- Volume of air that enters or leaves lungs during one respiratory cycle; average is 500mL
Total Lung Capacity
- Total volume of air that lungs could hold; VC+RV (~5,800mL)
Respiratory Capacities
Respiratory Volumes
inspiration and expiration
Inspiration- When the lungs inhale, the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward. At the same time, the muscles between the ribs contract and pull upward. This increases the size of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside. As a result, air rushes in and fills the lungs.
Expiration- When the lungs exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases. As a result, the lungs contract and air is forced out.
Volume and Pressure
During inspiration, the volume of the chest is increased and as a consequence, the pressure in the lungs falls and air is drawn in.
Conversely, when we expire the volume of the chest is reduced, the pressure in the lungs increases and air is forced out.
When volume increases, pressure decreases, air comes in.
When volume decreases, pressure increases, air goes out.
Upper respiratory
Mouth- eating and speaking
Throat(Pharynx)- acts as the passageway for air, food and liquid
Nasal Cavity- filter and warm the air, and make it moist before it goes into the lungs
Voice Box(larynx)- protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing
Nose/Nostrils- allows air to enter your body, then filters debris and warms and moistens the air