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Further development in the Nazi control of Germany after 1933 '…
Further development in the Nazi control of Germany after 1933
'Hitler's consolidation of power, 1933-1934'
Stage one- (The Legal Revolution) - Jan/Mar 1933
Hitler became chancellor on Jan 30th 1933
The Reichstag Fire (27th Feb 1933)
The Nazis blamed the communists for the fire
Dutch socialist - Marinus van der Lubbe - found at the scene with matches
By midnight the Nazi Party executed warrants for the arrest of hundreds of Socialists and Communists
This event enabled the Nazi Party to convey themselves as the saviours of Germany- Consolidated their power
The Decree for the Protection of People and State
was passed the very next day on
28th Feb 1933
Election (5th Mar 1933)
The Decree allowed the Nazi Party to ban all opponents from campaigning for the March 5th Election
The Nazi party saw an increase in votes after the election. However, they did not get the 2/3 required to pass laws in the Reichstag
Day of Potsdam (21st Mar 1933)
The opening of the temporary parliament in Potsdam Church
The Nazi Party invited conservative politicians, the Kaiser's son and many well known military leaders
There was a picture taken of Hitler and Hindenburg shaking hands over Fedrick the Greats tomb (symbolised Hindenburg passing the 'baton' in leadership to Hitler)
The Enabling Act (23rd Mar 1933)
Due to the Decree many opponents within the Reichstag were imprisoned under 'protective custody' this allowed for the Nazi's to pass the Bill
This Act gave the Nazis power to pass laws without consulting the Reichstag
Stage two- (Gleichschaltung- 'Bringing into line') - Mar 1933/June 1934
The abolishment of the Lander (1st March 1933)
(Federal State) Hitler and the Nazis were never going to allow the system of local government to continue, if they wished for a one party state. This processed
eventually ended in Jan 1934
Smashing of the Trade Unions
1st May
would celebrate workers named
'Day of National Labour'
. This convinced the communists and trade unions that the Nazi party would be fair to the workers.
The next day the SS shut down all trade unions and arrested the leaders
The abolishment of any other political party
After the Reichstag fire Hitler successfully suppressed the communist party.
On
22nd July 1933
, Hitler banned the SPD party on the basis of the party being an
'organisation hostile to the German state and people'
The other party understanding their inevitable disbandment they dissolved themselves with the objective of maintaining their property.
On the
14th July 1933
, Hitler passed a law preventing the formation of new political parties and
declaring itself the sole legal party in Germany.
Stage three- (The fall of democracy) - Jun/Aug 1934
The Night of the Long Knives (30th June 1934)
Ernst Rohm was the leader of the SA and was becoming conscience of the power he had with the loyalty of the SA soliders.
SA = 2 million soldiers
German Army = 100,000
Hitler did not like his power and authority to be threatened and sort out to place Rohm and other leaders on a unwanted list and resulted in their deaths.
The SS went out to killed the individuals that were on the list. Around
400 - 1,000
people were killed. After this the SA was collapsed the
SS had full control and plead allegiance to Hitler, consolidating his power.
Death of Hindenburg (2nd August 1934)
When Hindenburg died Hitler became the top figure within Germany as a chancellor.
On thew
19th August 1934,
Hitler finally merged the position of chancellor and president as one and
named himself Fuhrer of Germany.