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Individualism paradigm in the 20th century, Results - Coggle Diagram
Individualism paradigm
in the 20th century
Focus on individual differences in learning
Intelligence
Umbrella term for human intellectual
abilities or capabilities at mental tasks
First researched by Spearman
G factor (general intelligence)
IQ test from Alfred Binet
History of discriminatory uses
Criticized by Oller
G factor = L1 proficiency
Intelligence is acquired and not genetic
Has been disproved by recent research
Intelligence tests measure semiotic systems that use language as their base
Objected the validity of intelligence tests
studied by
Akbari & Hosseini (2008)
Methodology
Sample
37 men and 53 women (Persian speakers)
Methods
MIDAS test to measure MI (except existential)
SILL test to measure LLS
IELTS test (without speaking part) to measure language proficiency
Research questions
Do
MI scores
show a relationship with the learners’
use of LLS
?
Weak but significant relationship between MI and LLS
Due to small sample size and low correlations, are finding generizable?
Low significant correlations between MI and metacognitive, cognitive and memory strategies (expected)
No correlation with musical intelligence (oposed to expected)
Linguistic (expected), naturalistic (unexpected) and interpersonal (expected) intelligences are positive predictors of LLS
Kinestesic intelligence is a negative predictor of LLS (unexpected)
Do
MI scores
show a relationship with the learners’ overall
language proficiency
?
Only linguistic intelligence was a predictor of language proficiency (expected)
taboo in SLA
New intelligence theories
Multiple intelligences - MI
(Gardner, 1983)
Can function individually form one another
We all possess them to a certain degree (strenghts and weaknesses)
Which of them ourish
depends on
Genetic factor
Social factor
Seen as valuable by society
Standards to judge extraordinary performance
Ability to solve problems or create products that are valid in one or more cultural settings
Nine intelligences
Musical
Based on 8 signs that help determine if a capability will cualify as intelligence
Linguistic
Locgical-math
Spatial
Interpersonal
Natural
Intrapersonal
Kinestthesic
Existential
Language learning strategies
(LLS)
Different classiffcations
Concious thoughts and behaviors used by learners with the explicit goal of improving their knowledge in the target language
(Cohen, 1998)
differs from
Learning styles
in that
LLS are problem-oriented and flexible
Which are fixed
Communication strategies
in that
LLS focus on adquisition and internalization of L2
Focused on producing
output in L2
studied by
Results