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VARIBALES AND HYPOTHESIS - Coggle Diagram
VARIBALES AND HYPOTHESIS
Outline of all studies
- Procedure (what methods and participants are used)
- Hypothesis (what do we predict)
- Aim of the study (the purpose of it)
- Findings (what the results are)
- Conclusion (what the results mean and why they are important)
Types of variables
Independent variables
- What you test or change in an experiment
Dependent variable
- What you measure in response to what you change or test
Extraneous variable
- Anything other than the IV which might influence the DV
Confounding variable
- A variable that is not the IV but which varies with the IV and will bring about changes in the DV - it changes in line with the DV
Confounding variable
- Any variable, apart from the IV, that does affect the DV
- Confounding variables have more serious effects on the results of an experiment
Operationalise variables
- Operationalise = how will you actually define and measure these variables
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- Investigate the effects of different types of music on concentration
Example:
- You want to investigate the effect of media violence on aggression
- These terms are too vague so you need to OPERATIONALISE the variables
- IV = exposure to a 15 minute film showing scenes of physical assault
- DV = levels of electrical shocks administered to a second ‘participant’ in another room
Hypothesis
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- A clear statement, made at the beginning of an investigation, that aims to predict or explain events
- It is important in a hypothesis that the IV and DV are operationalised
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Null hypothesis
- A statement of no difference or relationship
- E.g. 'There will be no significant relationship between motivation questionnaire scores and the number of partners athletes train with' (correlation)
E.g. 'There will be no significant difference in motivation questionnaire scores between athletes who train with and without a training partners' (experiment)
Aim of an experiment
- Statement of what you are intending to investigate
- Should include the IV and DV
- e.g. aim might be 'to investigate the effect of having a training partner on athletes motivation levels'